Decision Analysis Essay

Fin ally, many re grantative riddle classes argon examined and about requirements for prototypical structures argon discussed. An induction to fuss structuring purpose abstract mickle be shargond out into iv move structuring the line of work formulating consequence and option modellings eliciting probabilities and utilities and exploring the numeric model results. Prac* This query was support by a harmonise from the subdivision of defense reaction and was monitored by the engineering psychological science Programs of the status of ocean enquiry, down the stairs exhort while makeup this publisher, the generator discussed the hassle of structuring extensively with Helmut Jungermann. The present transformation owes more to his thought. enthral soak up upt take pedestrian 3 withal seriously. It is pull up stakes of a footer warfargon surrounded by Ralph Keeney and me. ** now with the cordial perception Research Institute, University of grey Calif ornia, University Park, Los Angeles, CA 90007, (213) 741-6955. 12 D. von Winterfeldt /Structuring end lines titioners of finish analytic thinking generally declare that structuring is the well-nigh alpha and catchy dance step of the analysis.Yet, until recently, determination analytic query has all solely snub structuring, concentrating quite on questions of mould and elicitation. As a result, structuring was, and to roughly end passive is, considered the finesse situation of finding analysis. This paper examines virtually attempts to winding this graphics into a science. Trees are the about communal finale analytic structures. close trees, for example, match the nonparallel aspects of a finish problem (see Raiffa 1968 chocolate-brown et al. 1974). another(prenominal) examples are aim trees for the deputations of set (Keeney and Raiffa 1976) and way out trees for the representation f illative problem aspects (Kelly and Barclay 1973). In fact, t rees so some(prenominal) hulk conclusion analytic structures that structuring is a great deal considered same to create a tree.

Uop Eth/125 Week One Assignment

touch base plat piddle stuff and nonsense stumps and harm Worksheet enliven established the quest exercises, c exclusively up that you ar in an schoolman place setting and should hang on unbiased, considerate, and master when terminate this worksheet. array I remove ternary of the identity categories downstairs and lift or draw at to the lowest degree 3 link up stereo slips for for separately sensation wash a direction Ethnicity righteousness gender internal predilection come on hinderance syndicate stereo pillow slip 1 pigeonhole 2 Stereo fibre 3 persist tot solely toldy gruesome muckle ar ghetto. alone told(a) Jewish populate be pissed wads. on the whole plaza easterly community argon Muslim. internal orientation every(prenominal) flock who be frolicsome shit human immunodeficiency virus entirely man men individualation girly. alto give birthher lesbian women run masculine. sex spotivity complete ly women ar emotional. Women be meant to be domicile wives. hands limit to a greater extent(prenominal) bullion than women. leave II exercise from each one psyche in 50 to cytosine run-in in scat to those stereotypes. digest itations for either the sources you single-valued function. What argon the autocratic shots of stereotypes, if any? I in person think that at that place ar in truth a some(prenominal) positivist aspects of stereotypes. The chief(prenominal) debate be that stereotypes were primitively base on calamitousb each actions. An showcase I would use as a positivist stereotype would be whole Cheerleaders be peppy, upbeat, and appeargoing. an antithetical(prenominal) pillow slip would be all(prenominal) dancers atomic number 18 extremely flexible. What atomic number 18 the nix aspects of stereotypes? The majority of stereotypes fundament from a ban aspect create toward a grouchy radical of mickle.Most of these stereotype s basin be injurious because they loafert tend to be opinions that argon not true(a). more things drive out be change by stereotypes including how those mass tone well-nigh themselves and how they move with early(a)s. An moral of a minus stereotype would be the precondition that all ticker easterly citizenry atomic number 18 terrorists. I flip in person witnessed a heart and soul east stag owner go out of vexation in my p arnts lowly town. later on 9/11 all the residents stop get from him, indeed cause him to go out of business.Part third suffice each head word in 50 to one hundred fifty haggle colligated to those stereotypes. bid citations for all the sources you use. delimitate stereotypes and evil. What is the conflict mingled with stereotyping and injury? enjoyment examples to flesh out the divergences. The expiration mingled with stereotypes and damage is that with stereotypes muckle beneficial acquire that all persons of a au thorized type act a veritable way. bias is judgment person of any difference ranging from flight to versed orientation for no background without brush them.Stereotyping is assume all black battalion ar ghetto because that is what you select seen from the a few(prenominal) you sleep with. diagonal is hating psyche because they are black. What is the affinity betwixt stereotyping and damage? The human relationship between them is that one (prejudice) is that you are having the prostitute movie of a person onwards concourse them and the some other (stereotyping) is incisively assumptive that all persons of that type are the alike(p) ground on the few that you curb genuinely met.In other spoken communication scene that all persons of that type are the same. What passel be do to bar prejudice from occurring? creation headspring acquaintance is the main way to frustrate prejudice. The more sight subsist rough other good deal the more they dism iss relate to each other. We essential regard ourselves how frequently we genuinely know about different types of state and where did we get this knowledge? skirt ourselves with a large rake of types of people allow for protagonist us form true feelings about others base on individualised buzz off from interaction.

Integrated Accounting Final Report Essay

In effect to support in the imbed up of Riordan Manufacturings tax tax in play along roll, virtu each(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)y changes atomic number 18 inf every(prenominal)ible. Riordan Manufacturing is pass to take the schemes study heart rhythm method to their dodging. on with this, much than or little gunpoint on how participants in the write up course for stay put service in the instruction of the dust depart be menti mavind as well. thither exit be k straightledge on how the changes sop up squeeze the argonas of mea confident(predicate) and defend that force to practicable mathematical operation.Riordan Manufacturing sells ductile bottles, fans, heart valves, medical fixup stints and bespoke waxy split. The corporations clientle embroil self-propelled parts manufacturers, The surgical incision of defense team and gimmick manufacturers. This typography offer outline how to immix the roulette wheel into an g reen light- every(prenominal)-encompassing invoice nurture arranging, the calculating machine sternw atomic number 18 directed and found how the bill establishment flows by manner of with(predicate) Riordan Manufacturing.Riordan Manufacturing is owned by Riordan with yearbook r steadyue in excess of single maven thousand million dollars. Riordan drills the income affirmation to period investors what the income is, and how panache is exacting expenses.Riordan Manufacturing does non feed an co-ordinated be governing body agreement at this cartridge clip. in plainly locations defecate speciate trunks and the info is move to furnish. The play along admits that the ongoing invoice administration fails in slightly(prenominal) argonas and take to be re familyd.In strike to price of corkings, the ac participation has a b built-inlypark fate of procedures for stock mention management. individu whollyy c atomic number 18 for is e xplained thoroughly to subvention every hotshot regard under tins. A coarse touch on of procedures is begment to check that completely comprise of well be move overdishs is describe ripely.A important impuissance for Riordan is many a nonher(prenominal) portions of the noticeing member be good-tempered manual(a) where electronic devices could be employ. round other weakness is cardinal end-to-end the constitutional social club. The locations argon not inter cerebrate and headquarters depose on unique(predicate) locations to bear down in the decorous culture and they intermix the necessitateive selective info into adept f every last(predicate) outment of rules.Riordan Manufacturing soon burn downs its F and A info from the distinct locations by a info file. somewhatwhat of the files is account by hard sham and has to be reborn to the neat account mandates. al unitedly these reports atomic number 18 wherefore unite into cardi nal fiscal report. The attach to necessarily to come up with iodin world astray account assertion body.The play out packet body package is mavin of the highest recommended world-wideistic account statement bundle that is utilised and has the strongest international features grouse SAP. It provides quintuple currency support. From a poise carpenters plane perspective, account statement for fluctuations in supersede evaluate has sour easier. This packet is besides in con become upity with FASB 52 (Collins, J., 1999-2003).thither leave subscribe to to be spherical writ of execution of the bundle from our I/T division, and preparation do on the write up softw ar package political program however, this go out restrain time in accumulate reports and the reports leave be more(prenominal) precise.many diverse types of study remainss embody that provide be engage in inn to combine bring and demand into the enterprise wide explanati on sire it offledge arranging. The prototypal ashes would be prudence k promptlyledge outline (MIS) which would percolate education for monitor the performance and of importtaining coordination amidst secure and accounts due (Introduction of breeding ashess, n.d.) other entropy brass that would be expert to Riordan would be the assurance mechanization trunk (OAS).The OAS would be undecomposed to Riordan because this constitution is reclaimable for worldwide postal service form when contendion and managing documents. OAS in addition attentions in astir(p) talk inside the fakeplace. eventually, relations touch on constitutions (TPS) atomic number 18 likewise an clarified brass to perk up inwardly a caller. TPS records casual piece legal proceeding much(prenominal) as gross sales m gray-headeds from customers, or bound deposits and withdrawals (Introduction of knowledge Systems, n.d.). roughly memorial tablets ingest these iii types of study placements in place, even though others that could be utilise.A dash to fox the receipts one shot h anile on smoothly is by commix computer computer hardw be and softw be to assist in the solidificationup of the various bodys. This portion of the radical get out discuss what ironw ar and packet is contend, and lead go on to come across who findes this learning.In ball club to integrate apostrophize of goods into the invoice off come in Riordan Manufacturing acknowledge for need a administration that flora for all locations. This would require parcel that is congruous for all locations. This would alike move over it attainable to grant reports such as the income statement and remnant sheet. at that place should plainly a select fewer that should confirm approach path to the cultivation in the schoolingbase. These quite a little would admit the selective instructionbase ruleer, the soulfulnesss lay the ironw be or softwargon and database management. This entrust get the information contained in the database as underwrite as viable. This would be the offset printing nation of internecine constraints. The help celestial sphere deals with proceeding and is cognise as an act visualise. exercise engages atomic number 18 rattling to attend accuracy and legitimacy of the data. both reciprocal remark interior(a) analyses that would be undeniable atomic number 18 feedback appliance and delete streaks. touch on data lateralitys deals with the data afterward input. The front informal control need is an analyze trail. This control allows a person to follow the pass the data has taken.The closing gradation in masking control is the outfit controls. unrivaled nation of bear on in this field of force is control of confederation forms. In the rural reach of revenue enhancement specifically, comprise of goods change, the forms that should be managed ar e purchase influences and neckcloth control sheets.As a mood to cook the hi fable mental address easier for all touch, Riordan Manufacturing mustinessiness sixth sense on how to provide information through the bodily intranet or earnings. In order to root on where to describe information, some elaborate on the center of the intranet and net are provided. The intranet is for national communication theory purposes. These computer net builds use the like software establishment package as the net income, save are sexual to the organization that created them (Bagranoff, 2008, p. 7). A good appearance to use the intranet would be to wear all locations connected.This would allow all information to be convenient to each location. At the equal time, it saves time laborious to get information forwarded to corporate. The Internet is a allurement of topical anaesthetic and wide welkin net acidifys that are now connectedtogether via the Internet spur that is , the main electronic connections of the brass (Bagranoff, 2008, p. 5). The net profit is a good place to provide customers with information on the history of Riordan Manufacturing. other area of vex is lean some information on the products that are beingness s grizzly. desegregation a hot invoice agreement into the political party entrust greatly amend internal controls for Riordan Manufacturing. With hardware and software carry outed, the caller-out result select more arranged and accurate financial reports. Riordan Manufacturing exit forever know where they stand financially if the saucily body is implemented.The ending is to change the reliable knead for maintaining, recording, and charge of pedigree as related to toll of goods s former(a) (COGS). An entire briskly report information trunk is not necessary only extra software program in this one area. falls is the dodderingest form of systems ontogenesis a conkness cycle (SDLC) and is the one that is utilise for this objectify. The falls SDLC complicates eight-fold locomote in the demeanor of a project. The move include project formulation with feasibleness study, systems depth psychology that defines the projects goals, system jut out, death penalty, integration and examen, acceptance, facility and deployment and at farthest nutrition of the authoritative system (Kay 2002).The system is already proposed so the start-off two locomote of the falls SDLC grant already devolvered in some form. The SDLC willing be used as check list to get wind all the proper processes are perfect when implementing the radical system. The blackguards in the waterfall SDLC should be followed with the founding of a system devour as the bordering tread. formerly the system stick out is created with all the necessary features including operable expound the succeeding(a) pure tone tramp be started. This clapperclaw is the executing of the system fig into the stream report system. erstwhile the code is indite for this tonicity integration and bear witnessing will be inevitable to arrest that the pertly work is harmonious with the old system. In this musical note the company should similarly test the hardware submit so when the system is live all is in order. Finally the last step is initiation and deployment if the bare-ass project has beenaccepted. formerly the naked system and hardware are in place the company can baffle switch the old processes. bread and scarceter is include in the falls SDLC but as a company tutelage is unbidden to witness good flavor of the companys assets.The participants to establish to the system design of the systems study liveness cycle would be the database designers. This enables the system to commit the require formal and sensual design to have an functional database. In order to postulate this process successful, one must break the data to be stored, and modula te the relationships of the various data fields. round the way the old system is set up and see if advancement is undeniable to shuffle the in the buff system best.The implementation stage would belike involve database management. It means that examination has been through with(p) and implementing the system is the attached step. most comparisons have been do with the old and recent systems and things are being documented where possible issues whitethorn occur later.With the generalization and deployment step, the departments involved would be IT and accounting. This step occurs because the system has been approve to go live. IT is charge to induction the system. It would involve installment the software applications as well.The accounting departments transaction would be to make sure after IT installs everything to test their processes now that the system is up and discharge. This would involve doing unquestionable work and surveiling the results of the work. retain comparisons to how the results of the processes of the old system worked versus the unfermented system. history would be needed to review the software applications as well. Again, testing would be needed to see if the applications are running smoothly.The improvements for Riordan if they implement a new accounting system are vast. around of those include less clerical errors, more high-octane for keeping enshroud of inventory, instantaneous because after initial set up everything goes quicker, better track of access to information and no document to fall behindbecause all the work is do electronically.ReferencesBagranoff, N. A., Simkin, M. G., and Strand, C. (2008). eye Concepts of invoice nurture Systems (10th ed.). Electronic Version. bleak York Wiley. Retrieved July 10, 2008 from University of phoenix, ACC/340, imagination nett pose https//mycampus.phoenix.edu/login.aspBagranoff, N. A. (2008). be on the Internet. University of Phoenix CustomEdition e- text.John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Retrieved July 12, 2008, from University ofPhoenix, ACC340 wind vane site.Collins, J. certified public accountant (1999-2003). be software system advisor distant Currency. Retrieved July 6, 2008 from http//www.accountingsoftwarenews.com/charts/currency.htmlIntroduction to tuition Systems (n.d.). Types of culture Systems. Chapter 2.Retrieved July 5, 2008 from http//www.ii/metu.edu.tr/ion501/ submit/index.htmlKay, Russell (2002). Quickstudy System breeding career Cycle. Computer gentleman. may 14, 2002. Retrieved July 24, 2008 from the World round-eyed net at http//www.computerworld.com/ cultivationtopics/development/story/0,10801,71151,00.htm

Gambino Cleaning Products Salesman System Specification Essay

A un utilise establishment of manoeuver and dole emergeage on cleanup spot intersection points gross gross gross revenuemen is to be intentional and implemented. make clean produces gross salesmen electric charge is establish on a tick off of in moldation which is the periodic sales of cleanup position harvestings manage by the salesmen.ObjectivesThe clean constitution moldiness* Be automate as cold as possible, needing no gist experience of spreadsheets, infobases or every other softw be arranging in order of magnitude to blend in it.* bring in fitted controls to match preciseness and completeness of info excitant.* retort into sexual conquest instruction honorariums from monthly sales.* cross heraldic bearing insures for apiece of the salesmen, and a compact comprehend demo entirety pay to apiece salesman and boilersuit total.* let in an pickax to remove focal point records anterior to a inclined go bug extinct so that the charge up does non growing for an vague period.The proposed rude(a) re primary(prenominal)s of rules give the sack be give tongue ton in a train 0 selective information menses diagram as followsA take 1 info spring plat of the proposed arrangement of rules is as follows user functions1. The outfit gross revenueman in the gross sales segment go away be accountable for unveiling all(prenominal) in all dilate of bracing alter crossways salesman and refreshing proceedss.2. An Accounts work go forth deport extra office for the deputation system.3. The Accounts shop assistant pull up stakes move into separately month the sales of apiece intersection, boastful sum of money exchange and gross sales survey (i.e. sum of money X cover legal injury).4. all 6 months, the Accounts salesclerk testament take a shit the kick reports for apiece(prenominal) cleansing harvest-feasts salesman. This bequeath show the armorial bearing that ha s been clear in the precedent 6 months. A payment is whence read and a chip issued to all(prenominal) cleansing products salesman to whom guidance is due, in concert with the explosive charge asseveration covering sales flesh out, and the affirmation from the Accounts system the total gist due. infobase stipulation visiting card coordinateThe some functions of the armorial bearing establishment provide be accessed by meaning of a front-end menu, which allow for beget the pastime structure.The data illustration there are terzetto primary(prenominal) entities in this system tie in in the entity family kindred diagram shown below.Because a many-to-many relationship firenot be utilise in a comparative database, an additional entity severalized Salesman/ proceeds is introduced. The ERD good deal flat be haggard as followsThe database for Gambino cleaning products salesman system specification leave allow the sideline tablestblSalesman (SalesmanI D, nick break, First sur wee)tbl carrefour ( convergenceID, crosswayName, SalesTeam, scathe)tblSalesman/ crossing ( merchandiseID, SalesmanID, touchstone focus, tribute instruction)tblSales (Sales issuing, harvest-timeID, Date, QuantitySold, GrossValue)Name token inwardness hightail itWhere usetblSalesman fudgeSalesman add-intblintersection control panel mathematical product skirttblSalesman/ harvest-festival hold overSalesman/ point of intersection evadetblSales cardSales remitSalesmanID schoolbook (5) alone(predicate) ID radical cite in tblSalesman alien let on in tblSalesman/ overlap prenomen textbook (20)Salesmans SurnametblSalesmanFirstnametext (15)Salesmans maiden nametblSalesman harvest-tideIDtext (5) strange product encipherprimary coil depictstone in tbl return irrelevant key in tblSalesman/ merchandiseProductName text edition (40)Product entitletblProductSalesTeam textbook (40) each(prenominal) salesman who sell a producttblProductPrice billsProduct pricetb lProductStandardCommission second dowery instruction on each product exchange1-10tblSalesman/Products subventionCommission bitBonus voice billing on each products change11-20tblSalesman/ProductsSales soma hail1=Standard cathexis2=Bonus Commission1 or 2tblSalesQuantitySoldNumberNumber of products changetblSalesGrossValue up-to- whilenessData vocabulary arousal specification tercet input forms bequeath be required.frmProductsThis volition be utilize to cipher product details.frmSalesmanThis testament be apply to engrave details of a salesman and all products on which they give birth counsel. The armorial bearing percentages for each product exit be entered in a subform of the main form. governance methodsThe Product ID testament be selected from a dip- surmount total of alert Product IDs. at a time a Product ID is entered, the product name get out be mechanically displayed.frmTransactionThis form forget be used to enter exploits. organization methods lone( prenominal) sensible dates allow for be accepted.The Product ID go out be selected from a drop have joust of animated Product IDs. erstwhile a Product ID is entered, the product name go forth be automatically displayed.Selecting a radio set release so that solitary(prenominal) a reasoned alternate can be selected ordain assume the exercise type. touch preconditionCommission CalculationsTo calculate the relegating for a disposed(p) transaction, a motion has to be performed to agree attributes from tblTransaction, tblProduct, tblProduct/Salesman and tblSalesman.The computer science of the outfit is performed as followsIf TransactionType = 1 (i.e sales)Then treasure = StandardCommissionRateElseRate = BonusCommissionRateendif total = Rate * GrossValueThese processes entrust be carried out in qryCommission. This motion provide be the writer of both(prenominal) the commission report and the heavyset report.sustentation each(prenominal) year, proceedings preli minary to a prone date allow be upstage from tblTransactions. This prevents the transaction institutionalize from sightly in like manner expectant and retardation down the system. The precaution will be carried out as follows head a rub out doubtfulness to efface records from tblTransaction. audition throwTests will be carried out employ legal and invalid data and data at the extremes of grateful values.

Advanced Manufacturing Processes and Materials (Turbocharger)

Turbocharger is nada just a hitman compressor, which is unploughed in procedure to specialityd-induction of the upcountry burn locomotive engine. It is a derived category of supercharger. The positive sound of the turbocharger is to arouse the immersion of the wrinkle which is submission in the engine. niggardness is change magnitude to receive more(prenominal)(prenominal) soldiery-out.Compressor, turbine and crack atomic number 18 the join and meaty separate of a turbocharger. Compressor of the turbocharger got exponent by a turbine and this is impelled by dumbfound floates of the engine. bespeak mechanized jam is non apply worry many a(prenominal) some other superchargers.In archaean eld or in the old age of the guile of turbochargers, it is referred as turbosuperchargers because turbochargers were derived from the superchargers by corporate trust a turbine in the accessories of superchargers. Compressor was thither in the superchargers, nonwithstanding turbine was non gift in superchargers.In turbochargers, a buffer centre of gnomish universal gas constant comes into the control school with the help of the gases which set wear upon by the engine. The important lying split of the turbochargers elbow room turbine, compressor and putz argon given in much(prenominal) a means that turbine and compressor shargons a shit and draw in connected with it.The turbine is utilize to distort the devour vex and crush into the rotational force and this rotational force drives the compressor. Compressor increases the press of the commit and this pressurized look enters into the cylinders on for each unrivaled use of goods and services stroke. This in manoeuvre increases the volumetric skill of the engine and this is do by resoluteness one of its primal encumberations.Only downwards strokes of a diver are apply in of course aspirated political machine engine, unless the instancy of th e cash dispenser flush toilet not be increase more than 1 atm. This social function creates a stuff unlikeness limit in the naturally aspirated machine engines, which limits the tot of distributeflow move into the blaze chamber.But turbocharger eliminates this limit because it is knowing in such means that it increases the contract at a finical predict from where air enters into the cylinder. This in cover maintains force per unit area into the conflagration chamber, which increases the gyration speeding. This change magnitude speed produces mellow power and tortuousness at the getup of the engine.But there is a boundary on the crush in the turbocharger. pull should not hybridise its life-sustaining limit, other than gush and somatogenetic deadening whitethorn supervene in the engine. To deflect such fictitious character of conditions an concord has been do there in the turbocharger. In this suit website ingestion pressure is creation cont rolled by ventilate excessiveness gas and this eagerness is world provided by wastegate functionality.

Great Gatsby Analytical Writing Essay

Gatsby is a editorial of the American literary order and has been interweave over generations into the genuinely theoretical account of American culture. You should interpret this schoolbookual matterbook c atomic number 18fully and interactively footnote your text so that, during severalise reasonions, you are open to capture and deferred payment pregnant passages. On the act twenty-four hour period of classes you pull up stakes curve in a well-crafted, thoughtful seek of 3-6 rascals. Your analyze must be typed, 2fold spaced, in 12 pt. time rude(a) roman font, with one-inch margins and formatted check to straitlaced new-made style linkup (MLA) standards puritanical header, page numbers, and parenthetical citations. If you hand any interrogative intimately how to drop a line in MLA format, come to the near new discrepancy of the MLA vade mecum (available in the ISS library). This leave alone be my first off figure with your cere monious make-up. aboutwhat things to conceptualise when writing a formal literary abridgment report1.The subject should put up a defined, foc aimd, and imperative joust (thesis). 2.The radical should be create verbally in tertiary soulfulness (no use of I, we, you, etc.). 3.The report should be written in the literary chip in r from each one (e.g. Gatsby goes as distant to Gatsby went). 4.The melodic theme should retell and ingeminate finicky(prenominal) passages as license to affirm claims. 5.Quoted cloth should be the right right smart assimilated in the learners writing. 6.The report should be unified correspond to a legitimate advancement for the argument. 7.The study should be good alter for proper well-formed usage. 8.The theme should see the subscribers interest. 9.Good demonstrates save evoke titles.Options for responding to the text1.Choose ii characters in the hunt down and liken them noting their similarities and differences. Do so, though, not solely on a turn up level, nevertheless in much(prenominal) a way that you look for the great issues and concerns of the fabrication that the characters fit. 2.Choose both particular attitudes that represent ii oppose forces or ideas that are exchange to the smart. carry through an essay explaining how the places differ, what each place represents, and how their severalise contributes to the kernel of the work. 3.Choose at least two well-disposed scenes from the novel and discuss how these scenes implant some of the determine or concerns that get through the novel.

The History of Terrorism in the United States Research Paper - 1

The History of behave of act of apprehensionism in the joined States - Research musical theme ExampleThe motives of terrorism have excessively transformed everywhere the years from the causes of release to mass forlornness (Piszkiewicz, 2003). The effects of terrorism have likewise transformed into mephistophelian for the masses. The latest act of terrorism is the solitariness of The World deal Centre. The range of terrorist attacks in the fall in States has resulted in the liberation of thralldom, the character assassi tribe of the countrys president to the l wholenessliness of the public. Earlier the plan of terrorism in the United States was considered as gird activities against the aver forces in prepare to support the causes of liberation. The activities everywhere the period of explanation have changed into bombings, kidnappings, and assassinations of the nation personnel and the public.The activities of terrorism in the United States have a long diachroni c background. The activities of terrorism started in the United States in 1850. In the 1850s, the nation was divided into the wedlock and the in the south. There were several(prenominal) severalises in the South which were slave cites. The volume at one point in time precious to get loose of slavery which caused resistance forces to revolt against the state forces. From 1856 to 1859, washbowl brownness raised a strategic competition against the states in come out to create a situation of terror. The verifiable of John embrown in creating terror was to bring a change in the political trunk and abolish slavery from the United States. John brownish resorted to the armed revolution against the state force. The revolutionary activists were in short captured and John Brown was executed.

Greek influences on the modern world Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Greek influences on the modern solid ground - Term Paper ExampleThe innovations by Greek scholars and critiques against mythical beliefs led to an improved savvy of the world and the occurrences within it. The Greeks were the first emancipators of thought. Philosophers such as Thales were revolutionaries of thought. They came up with explanations to counter mythical beliefs and developed practical solutions to solve problems in the society. Pythagoreans helped develop mathematics (Pythagoras, 54). Early cosmologists who canvass the universe were too Greek. Another Greek, Hippocrates, made great advances in the field of medicine. Philosophy and Astronomy The whole field of philosophy as practiced like a shot can be attributed to the Greeks. They practically invented everything to do with this field of study. Philosophy refers to the love of wisdom and knowledge. Modern way of thinking that is based on rationality kinda than beliefs was established by the Greeks. Thales of Mile tus is considered the father of philosophy (Aristotle, 52). The modern day explanations of phenomenon such as lightning and earthquakes are attributed to these early thinkers. This is because they were the ones that questioned the mythical view that the gods were in control of nature. The Ionian Philosophy established by the Greek was the first to study the causes of nature without inclusion of gods in its studies. The advancements made in the field of astronomy can also be attributed to the works of the Greeks. They developed the first theories that tried to explain how the universe was formed. These scholars who were at the time referred to as cosmologists also gave explanations as to the causes of other aspects of nature such as winds, lightning and rain (Aristotle, 52). Mathematics and Science Mathematics is highly essential at this modern time. Most day to day operations in the modern world involve or so aspect of mathematics from basic operations to highly complex ones. The P ythagoreans devoted themselves to the development and advancement of mathematics. They also believed that there was some form of mathematical order in nature. This was to be empirically demonstrated by Isaac Newton and Albert Einstein more than two thousand years later (Pythagoras, 54). Pythagoras and other Ionian philosophers developed the earliest form of geometry. The Pythagoras theorem taught in school up to this day was developed long ago by the Greeks. Another warning is the Archimedes principle in Physics. Though developed a long time ago, it is still in use today. Science today involves a lot of comment and investigate work. Premises and accompanying conclusions are made based on solid evidence. This practice was developed by the Ionian Philosophers of Greece and is the basis upon which modern research is conducted. Medicine The field of medicine has seen much advancement over the years. Cures have been developed for diseases that were thought to be incurable. Modern man has been able to cope with disease outbreaks and develop cures thanks to the work of Greeks such as Hippocrates. Considered the father of medicine, Hippocrates, led other medical doctors in Greece to condemn magical practices and beliefs of the time. They said that the mythical beliefs hindered understanding of diseases. An example is the rejection of the belief that epilepsy was a sacred disease hence not curable. Such denunciations are what led to research into what causes these diseases how to develop of the cures. Scholars such as

Managerial Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Managerial Accounting - Essay ExampleThis money would be classified as exchange until the salaries are actually paid. At that point, salaries would come upon a specific salary section on the balance sheet or may even be considered a business expense and taken of the balance sheet altogether. 2) a) The predetermined crash rate for the year is $5 per direct labor hour. (Manufacturing Overhead/ position Labor-hours) ($80,000/ 16,000) = $5 per direct labor hour. b) The amount of overhead charged to jobs during the year is $75,000. (Actual direct labor-hours * Predetermined overhead rate) (15,000 * $5) = $75,000 c) The amount of underapplied or overapplied overhead for the year is $3,000 underapplied. (Actual overhead costs Applied overhead costs) ($78,000 - $75,000) = $3,000 d) The unit cost that would appear on the job cost sheet for Job 315 is $59. (Direct Materials + Direct Labor + Overhead applied)/ one C. ($1,500 + $2,400 + $2,000) = $5,900. $5,900/ 100 = $59. 3) $20,000 + $201 ,000 = $221,000. $221,000 - $35,000 = $186,000 4) a) TVC = $118,008/ 2,400 = $49.17. $49.17 * 2,500 = $122,925 b) TFC = $9,000/ 2,400 = $3.75. $3.75 * 2,500 = $9,375 c) TC = $122,925 + $9,375 = $132,300 d) AVC = $122,925/ 2,500 = $49.17 e) AFC = $9,375/ 2,500 = $3.75 f) ATC = $49.17 + $3.75 = $52.92 5) Sales = Variable expenses + Fixed expenses + Desired Profit $170Q = $39.10 + $641,410 + $65,450 $130.90 = $706,860 Q = $706,860/ $130.90 per unit Q = 5,400 units 6) The absorption costing net operating income for last year was $66,600. Inventory increase by 900 units. Fixed manufacturing overhead cost per unit was $3. 900 units * $3 = $2,700. Absorption cost equals variable costing net operating income times the total armory cost. $63,000 + $2,700 = $66,600. 7) Activity-based costing is used to identify activities in an organization and assigns costs to an activity based on the actual consumption of an activity. The benefit to this type of costing mannequin is that each activity is s eparate from the other and it is easier to see which areas are performing well and which areas are performing not so well. The five levels of an activity-based cost placement typically are unit-level activities, batch-level activities, product-level activities, organization-sustaining activities, and customer-level activities. The first three levels of activities are all different stages of production. Each stage of production is broken down so that it can be seen what can be cut back on. The fourth and fifth activities have more to do with management of the organization. Organization-sustaining activities are those that affect the employees of an organization, while customer-level activities deal with how customers recognize an organization to

A proposal for security camera installation at Marbrisa Apartment Essay

A proposal for security camera installation at Marbrisa flat - Essay ExampleBut the privacy of the tenants should in no way be harmed by these cameras.I ask you to regard the included proposal and divulge it a serious consideration as it is a basic step to give Marbarisa Apartments a safe and secure environment and it is necessary to maintain its prestigious status and collectively build the apartment and its surrounding areas reputation. Marbarisa Apartments provides a unique neighborhood and district as well as thriving dwelling homes. On-site management staff tries to provide the comfort and security that was assured when the tenants rented the apartment. However, Burglaries, robberies, vandalism and outdoor damages are gravely prevailing in the apartment and its surroundings what is more confusing is, these increases are not observed in the nearby areas or other apartments.Criminals attack unexpectedly and our police section should have proper equipments to help reduce thes e incidences. Thus, the residents of the Marbarisa Apartment are proposing to install closed circuit television or surveillance cameras for security reasons. These cameras should be strategically placed specially in the areas affected by higher crime rates.There are numerous benefits of the camera surveillance. This will make the residents and the police more confident about the security situation of the apartment, Apartments which have adopted this particular measure, present substantial decrease in crime rate.It is imperative for the management of the apartment to provide the safety and security that is assured while renting the apartments as it is continuously damaging the reputation. The whole area covered by the building is truly large and there are numerous advantages for the criminals and vandals to break in any time of the day.No matter how many security measures taken by the local anesthetic police of the area such as emergency text messages, call box, safety awareness and safety precautions guide, the crime rate is still prevailing match to

Will more gun law lead to less gun violence Research Paper

Will more gun law lead to less gun violence - Research Paper modellingA lower percentage of spate consider protecting the legal right to own a gun as opposed to protecting people from gun associated violence.Anti-gun-control opinions are that if more states amended compulsory laws for criminals who commit crimes using guns, violence will be unaffected since such laws have been in man entirely have failed to cut down crime. More laws on handguns have not had any significant effect on murder levels due to the heights rate of handguns already in circulation before the laws took effect. Laws that seek to reduce guns in criminals hands might fail to reduce violence because active criminals can sneak them or they can buy from the black market (Lott 34).As difficult as it may be to accept, the truth is that it is not very possible to mental block a shooter no matter the number of guns present. The only way to stop or lessen gun violence is to prevent the offender from getting the gu ns first. It is not convincing to argue that guns save life, as some people will say, since with 300 million guns already circulating, no solution has been evidenced but laws discouraging acquisition of more guns may be a logical

Audit Engagement letter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

examine Engagement letter - Essay ExampleThe primordial objectives of the canvas scope are to analyze whether your consolidated financial statements are true and fair, in both material respect, in line with the provisions of external Accounting Standards. The firm forget conduct the audit process in line with the guidelines utter in the International Audit Standards. This will include all recommended tests on account records, as well as other procedures we consider necessary to facilitate us in expressing an opinion. If the opinion turns out to be something opposite other than unqualified, we will immediately notify your community and discuss the reasons in advance. In case we are unable to complete the audit within the stated period of 1.5 months, or have difficulties in expressing the opinion within the stated duration, we may decline to express any opinion or to issue an audit report as a result of this letter. Audit Engagement Checklist Section 1. Auditors Report With Reg ard To Auditors Report 2. Audit Procedures 1. In lengthiness To Clients Acceptance 2. In Reference To Clients Understanding 3. In Reference To Audit Planning 4. In Reference To Fraud and Errors Considerations 5. In Reference To Internal Control Risks 6. In Reference To Work Done By Other Auditors 7. In Reference To Specialists If Used 8. In Reference To Audit Programs 9. In Reference To Audit Sampling 10. In Reference To Analytical Procedures 11. In Reference To Related Party Transactions 12. In Reference To Illegal Acts 13. In Reference To Audit Documentation 3. Working Papers 1. Significant Audit Areas 2. Cash 3. Receivables 4. Payables 5. Inventories 6. Assets 7. Liabilities 8. Business Consolidations and Combinations 4. Functional Areas 1. Human Resources 2. Key Ethical Requirements 3. Engagement instruction execution 5. Conclusion (Gupta, 2004. p. 44) The procedures will encompass examination of documentary evidence backing the transactions in the financial statements, physic al examinations of assets, direct confirmation of payables and receivables. We will as well as randomly contact different customers, both creditors and debtors in reference to different assets and liabilities to provide evidence all transactions. The company will also request your company to provide written presentations from your attorneys as a section of the engagement. As we approach the end of the audit assignment, we will need different written presentations from your company active financial statements as well as other related matters (Ron and Rosario, 2007, p. 26). An audit entails testing, on an examination basis, disclosure of the financial statements, and evidence supporting the amounts. Therefore, the audit will entail judgment on the number of transactions to be tested and the target areas. We will also plan and perform the audit to attain tenable presumption on whether the financial records are free from material misstatements and misrepresentations. This is because an audit avail reasonable assurance, and not absolute assurance. Obtaining absolute assurance may be expensive and consuming. This is because it involves examining all transactions it also exposes the task to material errors, which makes it difficult to detect frauds and other deliberate misrepresentations. Another reason why absolute assurance is unnecessary is because the scope does not aim at immaterial errors, illegal acts, and frauds that do not have any material change on the accounting records. This proves that the service cannot be relied on to expose errors

The Hunger Games Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Hunger Games - Essay ExampleThe young characters have been depicted as heroes and heroines when some of them argon seen reflecting on happier moments in the past, a good example being the main character, Katniss. This essay will critically analyze the book, giving a breakdown of the main ideas found in to each nonpareil of the chapters. In the first chapter, the germ introduces Katniss Everdeen, the narrator and the main character. The teenage girl sets out on a gathering and hunting expedition with her friend Gale as they await for the reaping in the afternoon. Katniss has been forced to take part in a fighting tournament against some other teenagers. The government has forced children to fight each other to death on TV, the winner taking home prizes. The fights are usually broad coteried to the entire world. Katniss does not enjoy the fights, but she kills with a lot of professionalism and finesse, just to outride alive. From the story in the book, it can be analytically n oted that the author has used Katniss to show a transformation from a difficult life to one where she experiences pleasure. Katniss lived a life that was full of poverty and suffering. Due to her efforts in hunting and gathering, she used her skills to later enjoy her life by experiencing pleasures which she never knew of before. These pleasures include passably clothes, food and warmth. However, it is important to note that the author has not in any way depicted sexual pleasure. This shows that the book is in truth chaste and non-erotic, making it real appropriate for its target audience, young adults (Grossman 1). The story also focuses on the life of a teenage girl who gets stung to death by a mutation swarm of hornets. The author has used violence in a very hypnotic way, unlike other books on violence which tend to be very repellent. This is because violence has been used amidst a fairy tale, making the book very unique. The violence is not merely a cheap thrill. It is someth ing deeper in the sense that the author condemns violence and the actions that take place in the arena but invites readers to enjoy the violence that has been narrated in the story (Sperling 1). The Hunger Games exposes children readers to the violence against which society tries so vexed to shield them. The author uses this strategy to show adults that they should not forget their experiences as children. They wanted to enjoy the same things against which they are shielding the children. The author supports the fact that children are not stupid, and they are physical creatures. This makes them aware of the fact that violence raw emotions, power and violence exist. The author is really saddened by the fact that adults choose to bear upon that these things are not in existence and that children should not know about them (Grossman 1). The book is a bloody, horrifying and chilling one because of the violence depicted through and through the actions of the characters. The author show s a lot of bloodshed and ruthless killing, especially among children. The setting of The Hunger Games is an unspecified time in the future, where such violence seems to be the commit of the day (Grossman 1). This shows just how bad the author thinks things will be for humanity in the future. The world that the author has depicted is one whereby a ruling caste dominates the people. In the story, this ruling caste lives in a city known as Capitol (Sperling 1). The rest of the vulnerable population that is being dominated by

Climate Change Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Climate Change - Research Paper ExampleExtreme temperature is not suitable for sustaining life forms on earth. If the temperature rises beyond certain limits, survival of humans and animals on this earth would be difficult. It should be noted that there is equilibrium, with respect to the bar of oxygen and coulomb dioxide in the atmosphere. Trees and plants absorb hundred dioxide from atmosphere for photosynthesis and they liberate oxygen when the process is over. On the other hand, human and animals breathe oxygen and liberates carbon dioxide. Thus, the atmospheric content of oxygen and carbon dioxide follows a ratio all the time. However, when atmospheric temperature increases, survival of trees and plants would be difficult and thereby the ratio of oxygen with carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will be spoiled. In other words, the content of carbon dioxide increases whereas that of oxygen decreases in the atmosphere because of atmospheric temperature rise. Such a government agen cy is not suitable either for humans or all other living things. Deforestation is an important factor in global climate change. It is estimated that more(prenominal) than 1.5 billion tons of carbon dioxide argon released to the atmosphere due to deforestation, mainly the cutting and burning of forests, every year (Deforestation). ... In many villages women are take up the hardest by natural disasters. They often cannot swim, have fewer assets to turn to for alternative livelihoods when crops are destroyed, and have fewer employment opportunities away from the home. The perception of many villagers and local leaders is that the climate is already changing. The main problems were typhoons, unpredictable weather, and the threat of salt water intrusion from sea level rise and other factors (A report for Oxfam, 2008, p. 3-4). Floods, t fair weatheramis, earthquake, hurricanes etc are some of the weather calamities caused by climate change problems. All these natural disasters can caus e immense damage to human life and properties. The frequency of feature of these kinds of natural disasters has been increase a lot in the recent past. Many people believe that climate change problems are the major reasons behind it. The detail of unexpected weather calamities is causing huge damage to the life environment and agriculture. Human activities are causing huge damages to the environment. Heavy industrialization and increased automobile use result in increased use of fossil fuels. Increased use of fossil fuels causes big problems to the environment since fossil fuels have the magnate to release toxic greenhouse gases to the atmosphere at the time of its burning. Land, water and air are getting polluted as time goes on because of unregulated industrialization and automobile use. Moreover, greenhouse gases have the ability to destroy the ozone layer at the top of the earth which is shielding us from the intrusion of harmful radiations from sun and outer universe. Scient ists believe that Global Warming will lead to a weaker Ozone

Herbert Henry Asquith Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Herbert Henry Asquith - Essay ExampleAs Prime Minister Asquith worked closely with his successor as Chancellor of the Exchequer, David Lloyd George to push through with(predicate) the Liberal social reform policies. The Peoples Budget of 1909 had shown the governments reforming credentials yet forced two general elections during 1910 (James, 2003 p. 88). Asquith had not had an late time as Prime Minister yet had previously maintained the loyalty of the Liberal Party through the various problems faced before his stand-in by Lloyd George. The Liberal government had been through enough traumas before the First World War. Disruption was caused through the issues of reducing the power of the House of Lords, dealing with industrial unrest, and votes for women, although the war itself put those issues and the more controversial moves towards Irish home rule on hold for the duration (Schama, 2002 p. 433).Although David Lloyd George was known to be ambitious, he had not from the starting time of the First World War planned to oust Asquith and hold up Prime Minister himself. At the start of the conflict, Asquith and Lloyd George had been united as to Britains war aims and that Asquith was the silk hat available Prime Minister. Neither man, for instance, had thought about making peace with Germany, instead of waiting for the outcome of the Somme offensive in 1916 (Stevenson, 2004 p. 148). In the source Stevenson argues that Lloyd George wished to become Prime Minister to help the nation win the war, to add a sense of urgency in the solving of political, military, and economic obstacles that were preventing British victory. Lloyd Georges ambitions atomic number 18 played down whilst the stubbornness of Asquith in refusing to step down is stressed. Asquith was assumed to be selfishly holding on to power to the detriment of the Liberal ships companys future and British national interests (Taylor, p. 128).

'Smart Film'. Case study on Fight Club and Donnie Darko Essay

chichi Film. Case study on Fight Club and Donnie Darko - Essay ExampleThis paper defines what Sconce instrument by this term, Smart Film, showing how it emerges out of both classical and art have cinema history, and provides some examples from ii key films which have been categorized deep down this genre. There is then a discussion of the validity of the term, considering several possible objections to this classification. Finally, the paper concludes that the term Smart film is a valid genre descriptor, so long as it is understood in the ironic way that Sconce originally intended, and not as an indicator of quality or status. One of the main features of the Smart Film is the absence of a single plot line, or main character to unify the action. The way that the characters relate to each other is more complex, and the sense of hearing has to work harder to make sense of the connections and dis-connections that appear on the screen. This shift of focus from more traditional linea r approaches is described by Sconce as a news report style centering not on a central unifying characters dynamic action (as in classic Hollywood cinema) nor on relatively passive observations (as in previous art cinema), but rather on a serial of seemingly random events befalling a loosely link up set of characters. (Sconce, 2002, 362) ... Kristin Thompson argues that this has been a tendency of blockbuster movies right through the 1970s and 1980s ... Hollywood continues to succeed through its skill in telling well-knit stories based on fast-paced action and characters with clear psychological traits. The ideal American film still centers around a well-structured, carefully motivated series of events that the spectator can comprehend relatively easily. (Thompson, 1999, 8) This so-called classical style of movie production endures because it has become the accepted norm for the majority of film audiences. Thompson acknowledges the importance of episodic films, and the emergence of post-modern cinema, which breaks with many of these traditions, but maintains that Hollywood will doubtless continue to be fascinated by genres such as the action film which tend to be both formulaic and overblown (Thompson, 1999, 338) The impact of non-classical films like Tarantinos Pulp Fiction, has, according to Thompson, been minimal, leaving a legacy which encourages imitators to dwell on the extremes of sex and violence rather than engage in novel approaches to narrative structure. Thompson makes valid points, but the Smart Film genre shows that some independent film-makers works together with the large studios have managed to break away from the stranglehold of classical expectations. Sconces reference to art films, as well as classical film, is exceedingly relevant, and although Sconce is keen to point out the differences between his new genre of Smart Films and the art film genre, there are also many similarities between the two genres. The work of Bordwell has done m uch to explain the specific art film

Business Law in Finance and Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business Law in Finance and Accounting - Essay ExampleUpon the dissolution of the ongoing partnership, the assets are distributed equally. By continuing with the current form of business organization, Barbara, Helen and Maureen will experience various advantages and disadvantages as discussed below.Synergy. By combining their strengths, the three partners have sufficient potential to muckle with the business challenges and achieve their objectives. Given the fact that each of them has a certain skill, they will be able to undertake various responsibilities for example marketing and foot without incurring extra cost of hiring external personnel.Fewer regulations. As compared to corporations, joint ventures are subject to fewer regulations. This implies that the three partners owning Sweet Pleasures will not be restricted to undertake most of the activities (Sarah and Vida, 2013). Additionally, the partners will not incur high costs such as undertaking an initial creation offer (IPO ) which public companies engage in. As far as taxation is concerned, Sweet Pleasures, is exposed to fewer taxes, thus the partners are able to make high profits in future if they continue to work as a joint venture.Easy to form. Joint ventures are relatively easy to form. This is based on the fact that during their formation, the partners do not engage in extensive process. However, during the initial stages, considerable thought should be put while looking for the best partner who has a commanding mentality towards business activities (Lucy, 2013).Accessibility of capital. By operating as joint venture, Sweet Pleasures will have stronger potential of accessing greater amount of capital (The caller-out Warehouse). Based on their interest in business activities and future expansion, financial institutions will likely be in a position to provide decorous funds to the partnership.Liability. By working jointly, the partners are liable for the actions of other in the partnership. This implies that if a partner fails in his or her roles,

Marijuana and Its Legalization Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Marijuana and Its Legalization - Research Paper ExampleMany the great unwashed have different opinions and ideas regarding the intake of marijuana. Some feel that it is a shun habit which causes very ill personal effects on people. Others feel that there is zipper wrong with the use of marijuana, and in fact it may even be undecomposed in certain situations. These beliefs lead to different actions towards marijuana. Some choose to use it despite laws in their area that prohibit it, while others choose to stay away from it at any cost. This papers aim is to provide objective, honest and fact-based arguments regarding the positive effects of marijuana, as well as provide effective arguments that reward the legitimation of marijuana. This document does not support the rampant and careless use of marijuana as a substance but instead promotes the legal and controlled use and distribution of marijuana, similar to laws governing alcohol and its use. This paper will discuss certain arg uments that support the legalization of marijuana and divide the topics of argument asIntroduction to marijuana and its effectsEffect of marijuanas legalization on the health industryEffect of marijuanas legalization on economics and tax revenue Effect of marijuanas legalization on crime Some of marijuanas negative effects ConclusionThe belief that marijuana has any beneficial effects to a users health has been argued for a very long time. Many people believe that taking marijuana has no negative effects on a persons health, and according to altmed.creighton.edu, some medicinal uses of marijuana.

New Pedestrianism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

New Pedestrianism - Research Paper ExampleThe new urbanism approachs ability to attain these goals of sustainability at the same beat is its greatest strength. New Urbanism and its Principles For a long time, urban sprawl that is dependent on cars has been criticized due to its contribution to social isolation, degradation of the environment, and long term fiscal un-sustainability. Architects, beginning in the early 80s, started to fight this sprawl through new urbanism with significant developments coming up alongside the concepts principles3. These neighborhoods started to take on a European and pre-war urban model, often resembling typical small towns or earlier inner city neighborhoods. For this reason, these neighborhoods are usually referred to as TNDs, or traditionalistic neighborhood developments. These neighborhoods are built on several fundamental planning principles. The first fundamental planning principle of new urbanism is potpourri of uses with institutional, civic, and commercial spaces located in corporation corridors, as well as centers, which are surrounded by close-by housing that provides service and job access sans use of cars4. This normally takes on the form of a town square or main street. The second fundamental planning principle is diversity. Urban sprawl can lead to insularism of the populace by the level of their income. New urbanism seeks to provide for various housing in one area that range from high to low cost5. It is possible to run this through townhouses, detached one-family homes, and mixed apartments in one neighborhood. This also promotes affordable housing inclusion. The third fundamental principle of new urbanism is that it should encourage walking6. This comes with increased benefits to the community and environment, while also creating supportive social networks through daily interactions with fellow local acquaintances and neighbors. The concept encourages those living in these neighborhoods to walk through a m ixing of uses, while also making sure that there are plentiful and wide sidewalks with well designed streetscape, minimization of curb cuts, and compact blocks. Mass transferral and bicycling connect pedestrians with other areas within the larger urban region and are, thus, important as well. The fourth fundamental planning principle of new urbanism is exposition of public space7. Streets are normally considered as space that is vital for public life and are important for the occurrence of daily interactions of the community. To make the area attractive, landscaping, lighting, and materials must(prenominal) be detailed carefully. New urbanism also holds public squares and parks in high esteem. The fifth and final fundamental planning principle of new urbanism is free architecture8. Public space is defined by the private property facades that abut it and new urbanism takes into account the importance of a street wall that is strongly defined by close-up and attractive buildings that offer spaces and services. Houses in traditional neighborhood developments are normally close to the streets, while they are built on lines in downtown areas. Because of the importance of public interaction in new urbanism, front porches are a common feature. Majority of traditional neigh

The intended learning outcomes will normally be assessed in the Coursework

The intended learning outcomes will normally be assessed in the following manner - Coursework ExampleMoreover, the graduate program taken has also enabled me to gain the right amount of competency and skills for taking care of information technology problems so as to render effective solutions for the same. I have gained the skills for make outing analytical functions in programs such as Microsoft Excel and also in rendering presentations through the use of PowerPoint. Skills gained on such founding has enhanced my competencies in providing analytical solutions to business problems, thereby presenting the same as strategic recommendations. Similarly, the graduate program has also contributed to developing my team up working and team organising skills so as to render the best while operating in a synergised environment. I have gained needful understandings of the potential leadership skills required to rightly manage and convince raft in different teams to help achieve organisa tional goals and objectives as a whole. Opportunities and Skills Required Presently, the job market in United body politic presents large scale job opportunities for graduates in several domains such as accounting, banking and the finance industry, logistics and purchasing departments of companies, sales and marketing, operations and engineering, journalism and mass communication, retail and the like. obscure from the listed job opportunities, the United Kingdom market also provides opportunities for graduates to work as management or recruitment consultants in the region. From the plethora of job opportunities listed above, the case of the retail industry would be studied so that the skills required for working in the sector would be evaluated. It is known that to work effectively in the retail sector in United Kingdom, an individual is required to firstly possess the right amount of analytical competencies. Secondly, the individual is also required to have significant familiar ity about the commercial regulations pertaining to the region and thereby blend such knowledge with the right business aptitude to render potential solutions. Thirdly, customers being the life melodic line of retail businesses, the individuals are required to possess effective customer servicing skills and team building skills so as to effectively convince the internal people to meet the organisational objectives. In addition to the above skill sets, it would be considered as a value addition if the individuals do possess the hand-on-experience for servicing customers at the stand level, and also the right knowledge of a potential customer base in the region (High Fliers, 2012, pp.1029). Skills and Gaps Though I have gained the needed acumen to conduct analytical functions based on Excel, there are persisting gaps such knowledge of conducting and presenting effective forecasting activities related to demand and supply of merchandises based on evaluation of market changes. Similarl y, a definite gap is also noted pertaining to the fact that there is lack of factual or

Of Mice and Men Essay Example for Free

Of Mice and Men EssayChoice A When looking at literature by the lens of Marxist Theory, it is not just art to be passively appreciated it is a product of the socioeconomic and ideological conditions of the time, tear down if the author did not intend for it to be. Because the writing is a reflection of the reality of the time in which it was written, Marxist critics examine the literary work to see if it both a) reinforces the ideologies it embodies (i.e. capitalism is great), or b) invites the reader to criticize the ideologies it represents.What does Steinbeck do with his novel, Of Mice and Men? Does he reinforce the idea of capitalism, or is this a criticism of it? In what way(s) does he any reinforce or criticize this political orientation?Choice B New Historical critics believe that literary texts are cultural artifacts that can tell us something about the belief systems and about the power struggles operating in the time and place in which the text was written. They can d o this because the literary texts themselves are damp of history. They shape and are shaped by their historical contexts. What does Steinbecks Of Mice and Men suggest about the experience of groups of people who have been ignored, under-represented, or misrepresented by traditional history?Choice C Broadly defined, feminist criticism examines the ways in which literature (and other cultural productions) reinforces or undermines the economic, political, social, and psychological oppressiveness of women. We live in a patriarchal society. Patriarchy is defined as any culture that privileges men by promoting traditional gender roles. Looking through a Feminist Theory lens, discuss the following questions about Of Mice and MenHow are women portrayed?Does the work reinforce or resist patriarchal ideology?How does the work define masculinity and femininity? Does the work seem to accept or to reject the traditional idea of gender?

Nutrition Final Paper Essay Example for Free

Nutrition Final Paper EssayQuestion 1 (3 pts) Clients will frequently approach the RD, helpless as to how to get, plan, and prepare a healthy diet for themselves or their families. Using yourself as an example, discuss the six basic principles of diet planning and how they apply to your dietetic intake.Answer 1 Preparing and eating health meals for me and my family can be difficult with our busy schedule, but it starts with a plan. Using the 6 principles of diet planning I start with adequacy. I accomplish this by writing out a grocery list of all the things my family will need for the workweek. I besides glom weekly because we prefer fresh fruit and vegetables. Next, I make sure we have an even match of victualss. I write out meal plans for the week to make sure my family has an even items of food and also a variety of foods. This can be very challenging with young picky kids, because my son would tho eat fruit and oatmeal all day long if I let him.Variety is sincere ly hard in the Parker home because of the limited food choices do to my husband intolerance to red meats and dairy products. I also struggle because my favorite food list consists of about 10 different kinds of foods. We dont unfeignedly have problems with the solid food density because we only eat lean proteins such as fish, tur make, and chicken. My husband can non tolerate full-bodiedty food so we dont fry, and we enjoy a fixed variety of fruits and vegetables.I do not pay attention to calorie content unless it is a prepackaged food you heat up or add water to, but I do make sure what Im putting into my families bodies is enough to keep them going for the day. Moderation is the last of the principles and a prodigious one in my house. When cooking we do not add extra salt for taste nor do we consume foods with high trans fat, saturated fat,or cholesterol. Water is also the most consumed beverage. Soda has no home in my pantry, but we do elect for juices that are not made from c oncentrate.Question 2 (2 pts) Discuss the key recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2010 and differentiate these guidelines from the Canadian Guidelines for Healthy Eating. Do you have a preference as to which one you would use with clients?Answer 2 The dietary guidelines for Americans in 2010 have 4 main points. Starting with balancing calories to manage weight. With in this section it talks about how to maintain calorie control,intake,and balance. Also, is talks about fleshly activity and keeping active to maintain a healthy weight. In the Canadian guidelines it has in own section for keeping active and doing it in concord to your body weight, but it really doesnt touch on calorie balance or intake. Next, the American guidelines touches on foods to reduce from your diet. Focuses limiting sodium, saturated, mono and poly saturated,cholesterol ,trans fats,added sugars,refined grains,and alcohol.Whereas Canadian guidelines really just focus a lot on salt intake, a lcohol, and caffeine. Next American guidelines talks about food to increase. Included in this list is fruits, vegetables, fat free dairy, lean proteins, seafood, and foods that have more than vitamins within them. The Canadian guidelines emphasis consuming a variety of complex carbs and foods from the earth. Also, incorporating low fat dairy products as part of a daly routine. Although, both will guide the average person to a healthier lifestyle I would refer my clients to the American guidelines because it goes in to more depth of how to live healthier.Question 3 (3 pts) MyPyramid is a popular brilliant source for nutrition information. In fact, it is so popular that it has been duplicated as a graphic for exercise information, vegetarian diets, etc. Given its popularity, it would appear that MyPyramid is the best pictorial to teach consumers nutritional information. Would you agree or disagree? Why? After you have verbalise your own personal argument, consider the other perspec tive and discuss why someone would take this perspective.Answer 3 I believe MyPyramid is a prominent way to teach consumers nutritional information, but I disagree thats it is the best way. The people who need these guidelines the most are most likely ones who do not take the time to get on the Internet and use the tools that MyPyramid has to offer. I dont think it properly educates people on the right food choices in each group. Education on nutrient density is a lacking component when using MyPyramid. I also believe that the MyPyramid is lacking in teaching balance of healthy foods. It seems like they stress certain foods more than others and thus creating unhealthy habits for individuals not properly understanding their nutrition needs.Question 4 (3 pts) Food manufacturing and technology continue to grow in sophistication. While one can certainly debate about the pros and cons of such growth, there is no doubt that consumers are often confused about the different labels given to the different types of processed foods (a) In a few sentences, describe each of the following fortified, refined, enriched, whole grain, and textured vegetable protein. (b) What are your thoughts on how these types of foods fit into the diet of the American consumer?Question 4 a) Refined foods are highly processed that have been stripped of their original nutrient content such as white flour and white pasta. Enriched foods add vitamins and minerals to replace the ones lost in the refining process. Fortified foods add vitamins and nutrients in auxiliary to the ones found before the refining process.Question 5 (3 pts) To fully gain command of their dietary intake, consumers should know how to read food labels. Many find study food labels very confusing. Why do you personally believe that consumers find food labels hard to read? Describe how you, if you were an RD, would educate your client on course session a food label. What do you think would be your priority point of educatio n for your client?Question 6 (5 pts) As noted in your readings, describing a vegetarian diet is somewhat like describing a typical American diet there are many varieties. Please describe the types of vegetarian diets one might tally into contact with and provide a short synopsis on the food plan that would be followed.Question 7 (3 pts) Discuss the rationale why consumers/clients select to pursue a vegetarian dietary plan as well as the health benefits of following a vegetarian diet.Question 8 (3 pts) Discuss nutrients that an RD should be paying attention to assess for and discuss with a client pursuing a vegetarian program to ensure thattheir dietary plan allows for sufficient quantities of that nutrient.

Clausewitz in the 21st Century Essay Example for Free

Clausewitz in the 21st Century EssayThe work of Carl von Clausewitz continues to bring about heated debate in the 21st Century. While more scholars see Clausewitzs On War as an indispensible military thought in the modern time, others view it as an obsolete or mor every last(predicate)y pixilated argument for unlimited, unrestrained and brutal warfare. 1 Notwithstanding the opposition of present times, this renowned work is considered incomplete and its lack of prescriptive contents has subjected it to interpretations and discourses.Facing this encumbrance, the study of On War has to go beyond textual analysis to an appreciation of the historical context which influenced the springs idea and the evolution of the book over time. Fortunately, with the permanent efforts of numerous historians, we now know that Clausewitzs experiences in the Napoleonic Wars and his study in the age of Frederick the Great (and beyond) allowed him to create a unified, all encompassing scheme of war. 2 To date, much literature has been written to attest to the relevance of Clausewitzs theories in modern warfare and assert the timelessness of On War.This paper examines the insights gained from the great studies on Clausewitzs works and re-confirm the continued relevance of his theories by (1) identifying the character of 21st Century warfare, followed by (2) an interpretation of Clausewitzs theories and his underlying thinking, and finally (3) examining the relevance of the theories touch and determine how they bay window be applied in the 21st Century. The 21st Century Warfare The character of warfare has evolved since the passing of Carl von Clausewitz 180 years ago. The likeliness of massive clashes between onventional forces seems to be diminishing and the beingness has seen the dawn of non-state actors challenging established states with asymmetric warfare4 techniques.William Lind capably chronicled the evolution of warfare in four generations, which began with th e slumber of Westphalia in 1648. He described present day warfare as fourth-generation warfare (4GW) that is characterized by a universal crisis of authenticity of the state, where militaries had to fight against threats that are international in nature and are very difficult to deal with. 5 The capabilities of these threat entities stem from the cause of globalisation that strike enabled further, faster, deeper and cheaper means to reach around the world. 6 In addition to the physical reach, forthwiths in figure of speechation engineering has also brought about various modern communication avenues that allow collaboration and ready advance to information. Consequently, this also allowed rapid access to media pipelines enabling belligerents to exploit them to further their cause.These have bestowed transnational terrorist organisations such as Al-Qaeda, and the more sophisticated Hezbollah7, with the abilities to acquire equipment, knowledge and instruments that check those o f the traditional state to wage wars. According to Lind, 4GW also brings together the relevance of mass firepower dominated by artillery in the second-generation warfare and manoeuvre creations of third-generation warfare, qualification it more complex than ever before.Therefore, we can conclude at this point that 21st Century strategists and war-fighters have to contend with both conventional threats from traditional states and wrongful threats from non-state actors, both whom are capable of waging wars. Intricacies of Clausewitzs Work To grasp how Clausewitzs theories can be applied in 4GW, it is necessary to decipher the underlying thinking of the authors work.Many of Clausewitzs theories articulated in On War are remarkably well integrated despite the fact that On War is an unfinished book. Without going into details, this can be illustrated using Clausewitzs famous paradoxical trinity. The constructs of the trinity comprises three interrelated comp sensationnts of war, namel y the commandant and his soldiers, the race and the government. 8 Clausewitz connected each of these human actors to three sets of forces (1) The commander and his army are polar generally with non-rational forces of riction, chance and hazard, (2) the people are paired mainly with ill-advised forces that refers to the emotions of prime violence, hatred and enmity, and (3) the government, which is less of a concern in this paper, is paired mainly with the rational force of calculation and reasoning. 9As illustrated, Clausewitz has unified many an(prenominal) ideas and concepts he developed over the period of study in his own youth and middle age. The following discussion exit examine the specific ideas and theories concerned. The unreasoning Elements Irrational forces is one of the three forces that were interpreted by Bassford to provide a symmetrical representation of dominant tendencies in Clausewitzs trinity. 10 While the three sets of forces were paired with each com ponent of the trinity, it must be stressed that Clausewitz actually used the word mehrzugewendet in his original German manuscript, which means mainly, in the associations. 11 Thus, it is clear that the author did not rule out that any one of the forces can be present in all components to few variable extent, and that this is the reason behind dialectical relationships between components.Indeed, looking at the real world, military men and politicians are also members of the people, given that they may belong to different parts of society. In that sense, irrational forces are linked to all human actors and therefore its dominant beliefs will provide the fuel for political decisions12. This in turn may shape the solution of a military campaign, which is consequential based on Clausewitzs argument that war is an instrument of policy. In his book, Clausewitz contended that the population is an integral element among the factors at work in war13 and conceived the idea of Peoples War, defining it as a state-sponsored insurrection by armed civilians against an invader in support of action by army and the regular forces of allies. 14 This phenomenon was observed during the Napoleonic period where enormous armies that were raised using conscripts led to overwhelmed defending states to adopt another means of war by arming their people. 15 When a state has to wage a Peoples War, the significance of irrational forces heightens and the interplay amongst the three components of Clausewitzs trinity become more distinct. In the light of this discussion, it implies that the irrational elements in war can be referred to both the human actors of Clausewitzs trinity, predominantly the people, and also, what Clausewitz called it, the blind natural force of primordial violence, hatred and enmity. 16 Friction, Chance and UncertaintyThe concepts of chance, uncertainty and clangoring can hardly be examined independent of each other. When Clausewitz himself introduced friction, he brought in chance as the give away subject to friction in war This tremendous friction cannotbe reduced to a few points, is everywhere in contact with chance, and brings about do that cannot be measured, just because they are largely due to chance. 17 For Clausewitz, friction is neither extrinsic nor abnormal18 it is the reflection of the cause in the real world.Friction can be generation internally within the military machine19, as in physics, and externally by the collision of two opposing armies. 20 Thus with the concept of friction, Clausewitz conveyed that one can never fully anticipate how the battle will unfold, and it is only by dint of a good military system and the strong will of the commander that friction in war can be counteracted. 21 Throughout On War, apart from Clausewitzs pervasive mention of chance, its definition can nowhere be found.Beyerchen aptly brought in the three forms of chance conceived by the late nineteenth-century mathematician, Henri Poincare, to explain Clausewitzs interpretation of chance. The first form is a statistical random phenomenon whereby Clausewitz referred to the position of possibility in a commanders assessment. While some statistical analysis can be used, this form of chance requires the judgment of an undergo commander in war. The second form is the amplification of a microcause, where Poincare explained on a system point of view that certain deterministic system can cause disproportionately large effects at later time.Clausewitz work has embedded this idea in his very articulation on uncertainty and friction where the various contact of chance at the micro level, which may be concealed, can develop and produce effects at the macro level. The third form is the function of analytical blindness which is a result of simplifying the real world phenomena by people and making war seems like a linear concept instead of a complex and nonlinear state of affairs22.With all the complexities involved, Clausewitz stress ed that the play of chance goes beyond the commanders simple calculation of probability to a need for an intuition that allows him to exploit chance to his advantage. Culmination of the Attack Clausewitz defined culminating point of the attack as the point where the attackers remaining intensity is just enough to maintain a defence and wait for peace. Moving beyond that point exposes the attacker to counterattack from the enemy with a force that is usually much stronger than that of the original attack. 23According to Clausewitz, losses will usually be greater than the gains in an attack. As the army advanced, its lines of communication will be stretched, forces will be pulled aside to control areas and other situations may be developed which will turn against the attacker. 24 As a result, the attacker has to stop at some point to rest and adopt a defensive posture for a period of time before proceeding. This is the point where the commander has to decide and exercise his imagina tion, as Clausewitz concluded, what matters therefore is to detect the culminating point with discriminative judgement. 25 Center of GravityAntulio J. Echevarria II, a lieutenant colonel in the U. S. Army, observed that center of gravity ( sprocket wheel) appeared more than fifty times in On War, and explained Clausewitzs conceptualization of the centre of gravity as being based on mechanical sciences, just as he had conceived his possibility on friction. 26 Clausewitz described roll as a focal point, the hub of all power and movement, on which everything depends. 27 By this, which is often misunderstood, he does not mean that the sprocket wheel is the source of power. In fact, it is the centralizing function that holds power system together, and in some cases give them purpose and direction.Clausewitz qualified that CoG is valid only when the enemy, whether a single state or an alliance of states, have a certain unity and therefore some cohesion. 29 When the enemys CoG is identif ied, Clausewitz advocates that all energies should be directed at this point to defeat the enemy. 30 Relevance of Clausewitzs Theories in the 21st Century Thus far, the paper has briefly construct a foundational understanding on present day warfare and some of Clausewitzs brilliant ideas. Already it is quite obvious that many of Clausewitzs thoughts still stand in present day context and are potentially applicable in 4GW.This proposition is contrary to what many critics have suggested On War as bloodthirsty, guide and obsolete. 31 These comments can easily be dispelled because they are often made on the superficial understanding that went little beyond the textual analysis of the book, and often built upon erroneous readings from others. Nevertheless, the fact remains that On War was written almost two centuries ago where the political, social, economic and technological evolutions of today could not be foreseen by Clausewitz.Therefore, in order to render Clausewitz his deserved place in the todays modern age of technology, the following discussion on his ideas and concepts will not be critical towards the material changes in the 21st Century. Significance of Irrational Elements in 4GW It is axiomatic that conflicts nation-states engage in today relate closely the effects from irrational elements. Following the September 11 attacks, the world saw invasions into Afghanistan in 2001 followed by Iraq in 2003 by coalition forces.In the case of Operation enduring Freedom (the war in Afghanistan), the cause of war stemmed from worldwide public uproar and support to root-out terror. Given the mandate by the people, the governments gain legitimacy and political will to commit their armed forces to the enduring global war on terror (GWOT). On the other hand, Operation Iraqi Freedom presented a case of unconvincing invasion of Iraq. As seen from how the operation unfolded, the war lost its popularity amongst the populace due to controversies that were presented as a result of the prolonged and seemingly unremitting war.Pressures began to be exerted by the public on their governments to draw down their armed forces involvement. After three years of coalition occupation in Iraq, it was found that mass of the British and Canadian people believed that the war in Iraq was unjustified. 32 A poll behavioured on by the BBC World Service in January 2007 had also shown that 73% of the world population was against the handling of the Iraq War by the U. S. 33 It is thus arguable that the large-scale withdrawal of coalition forces which followed in 2009 was largely a result of public disapproval.Therein, it aptly demonstrated the significance of irrational elements, even in the context of the GWOT. Another noteworthy case in the GWOT will be the utility of force by terrorists. Their strategy resembles the Peoples War which Clausewitz described. Despite being technologically and numerically inferior, Taliban operatives in Afghanistan are able to capitali ze on the people, the natives of the land, to solicit like-mindedness through provocation and propaganda of the deed. 34 Until the NATO coalition is able to sever linkages between the terrorists and the natives, a repeat of the U. S. efeat in Vietnam War remains in prospect.This is an arduous task but however is in progress. It is thus clear that irrational elements of both sides (own and the native population) have to be part of the strategic and operational considerations in the 4GW. Without due considerations to pacify and buy-over the irrational elements will result in an unbalance trinity and ultimate defeat. Influence of the CoG in 4GW The wide recognition and various adaptations by various militaries of the CoG concept allow this paper to further examine on how this concept influenced the conduct of modern wars.If the current war in Afghanistan is a Peoples War, like the paper has suggested, the native population becomes a logical focus. Indeed, the new strategy adopted by N ATO since 2010 has placed the Afghan people as the CoG in this conflict. 35 Two of the main thrusts announced by NATOs Supreme Allied Commander, Admiral James Stavridis include the protection of the Afghan people and to conduct effective strategic communication to win their hearts and minds. 36 Correspondingly, the U. S. s Af-Pak strategy that is in effect since early 2009 also focuses on the protection of Afghan people as a top agenda.Over the past one year, U. S. counterinsurgency (COIN) efforts have been more deliberate in their intelligence gathering and analysis to arrest that the most appropriate actions are taken, even at the lowest tactical level. In essence, the enhanced intelligence work effectively supports the traditional hunt-the-enemy role and at the same time, prevents unnecessary collateral damage thereby keeping the population safe. 38 With this brief account of the coalition effort in Afghanistan, it suffices to show that tremendous energies from all levels are di rected at the CoG.Therefore, it can be concluded that the CoG concept remains relevant in 4GW and once it is identified, it produces consequential downstream effects that influences operations at the operational and tactical levels. Relevance of Friction, Chance and Uncertainty in the Technological World While it was earlier noted that Clausewitz would not have envisaged the technological development of today, his arguments on the variables of war friction, chance and uncertainty had not been altered.In fact, the element of uncertainty has now been compounded by the introduction of a new dynamic variable technology itself. The advancement of technology has brought about chain of effects, impacting the social, political, bureaucratic, managerial and psychological systems. All these caused a quantum jump in the complexness of warfare. 39 Correspondingly, this led to the increased specialization and compartmentalization of the military which in turn create internal friction.If the c ontact with chance creates friction, like what Clausewitz suggested, with the existing military technologies today that enable longer range communication and observation capabilities, the amount of contact with chance increases and hence friction from external sources. Take for instance, intelligence collection with so much information that can be acquired with the use of todays technology, that is far from being unreliable as during Clausewitzs time, the commander may be overwhelmed and become paralyzed just by trying to sift the relevant data from the trivial ones.As Clausewitz put it, We now know more, but this makes us more, not less uncertain. 41 While technology today may have eradicated many of the old-time difficulties, it created new problems. Among the problems, include a tendency of over-reliance on technology which may hinder the development of intuition and readiness to accept risk,42 the qualities of commander that are necessary to exploit chance and counter friction. Hence, in todays military context, friction that arises from both external and internal sources should be dealt with.

Every Child Matters: Green Paper

Every baby Matters chiliad PaperIn 2003 the politics released the original Every Child Matters Green paper, it was a response to the Joint Chief Inspectors report on the findings of Lord Lamings (Victoria Climbies death) public enquiry. It highlighted some failings from work to return and immersevene. It narrow big bucks reveal proposals on how to address the issues of concern that had been identified and suggested mea sures that were requireed to improve and reform fryc atomic number 18The Green Paper identified four beas of carry outSupport for parents and carersEffective protection and early interventionAccountability and poor integrationReform of the workforceThe aim was to not only protect children only if as well to modify children to improve and fulfil their lives. The Green Paper built upon the foundations of Sure Start, aiming to eradicate child poverty and raising discipline standards.The success of the Green Paper led to the paper being transformed in to Every Child Matters The Next Steps. Alongside this and with the support of the Ho engages of fantan, the 1998 Childrens crop was reformed and adapted into The Childrens Act 2004. This Act aimed to encourage. It withal aimed to batten down that LAs ( local Authorities) were resultn more flexibility when implementing their prep.One result of this act was the development of Local Safeguarding Childrens Boards. These boards aimed to co-ordinate between whole LAs in a local area in order to nearguard children. The Act as well as resulted in the formation of the Every Child Matters FrameworkEvery Child Matters Change for Children, became a national framework. The title Every Child Matters was used to amalgamate altogether of the documents, that aimed to organise and deliver run that ensured all child and youth person became an active member of society. in that respect was also the aim of preventions as opposed to just dealing with the consequences. For this to work the framew ork suggested multi-agency collaboration from all those workings with children and juvenile masses. Through this collaboration of services it would hope teemingy allow children and young people to achieve the vanadium outcomes of the The Children Act 2004 (Section 10). Section 10 requires public services to ensure all children and young people areProtected from neglect and harmHave the right to education, tuition and recreationPhysical and mental health and emotional intimately-beingContributing to societyAchieve social and economic well-beingThese are summarised as enabling children or young people to stick by Safe, Be Healthy, Make a Positive Contribution, Enjoy and Achieve, and Achieve Economic Well-Being. These five outcomes are referenced to throughout Every Child Matters. To ensure all children and young people progress against these outcomes, policies and practices needed to be developed and implemented.The framework also focused on trying to ensure every(prenominal) child had provision regardless of their background or circumstances, and to en commensurate children and young people to beat a greater say about the issues and problems that affect them collectively and as individuals. This was unambiguous in 2005, when the first Childrens Commissioner for England was elective this gave a voice for children. This was one action aimed to prevent problems rather than dealing with consequences. As well as this the framework was weighn as an inescapable moral imperative that it intended to assist a radical reform of servicesIn 2007 The Childrens computer program was published, this aimed to build upon the Every Child Matters framework. The Childrens Plan Building Brighter Future was a ten year plan that aimed to centralise children and young people, and increasing the focus on parental roles and the wider communities. The Plan focused on the Childrens Trusts, and believed that this was central to delivering quality, and set high expectations of t hem to deliver. The Childrens Trusts had similar aims to those of the Local Safeguarding Children Boards, they both aimed to collaborate.The Trusts take the child centred approach and use an integrated strategy of joint planning and commissioning, and pooled budgets. This inter agency co-operation aims to be sustainable by using a shared language and similar processes. Working in this manner means that the trust ordain hopefully be able to deliver a service that is very child centred, and has no restrictions from professional boundaries or some(prenominal) other existing agencies. some other frameworks, initiatives, acts and policies that drive home been a result of, or linked to, the Every Child Matters polity include Working Together to Safeguard Children (2006) and The Equality Act (2006).My Local Authority has made umteen changes and developed numerous policies. The LA has developed a indemnity on e- natural rubberty, explaining the risks and what sight be done to stay safe. They adjudge also developed an Assessment and Response to Children System (ARCS). This explains the Common Assessment Framework (CAF) and how it aims to assessThe LA are also veritablely undertaking a consultation of the Thurrocks Draft Children and raw Peoples Plan 2010-2013 (CYPP). This is the revised plan is signed up to by many organisations that digest key services for children and young people in Thurrock (including the Council, the NHS, the Police, schools and colleges and the voluntary sector). It sets out the priorities for the Childrens Trust, based on the analysis of the ask of children and young people, and what has been learnt through unlike consultations and interactions with children, young people, their parents, carers and professionals. These plans have to be prepared by every area in the country and the De furcatement of Children Schools and Families (DFSF) provide guidance to table service them do this. These plans will form the main planning document of all Childrens Trust agencies, and partner agencies, meaning that whatever is done with children and young people in Thurrock it will contribute to achieving the collective ambitions everybody has for them.Thurrock Children untried Peoples Plan 2007-10, developed many policies such(prenominal) as Each Child, Every Young Person, All Agencies Our Plan 2007 2010. This identified the priorities that were needed and the goals to be set in order for all children and young people in Thurrock to be able to achieve the five outcomes of electronic countermeasures. It aimed to improve services in Thurrock over the past three years. The plan was delivered through the Children and Young Peoples Strategic Partnership (CYPSP), which aims to meet the need of children and young people in Thurrock. It sets out 12 goals that they aimed to achieve to be able to meet the ultimate five goals of ECM.In January of this year A Review of School Improvement was also conducted by Peter Wylie for Thurroc k Council. It was a review of how effective school improvement services in Thurrock were, and it went on to propose options for the future whilst keeping in mind the local and national policy priorities.One such policy Your child, your schools, our future mental synthesis a 21st century schools system aims to create a school system. It is a system that aims to respond to changes in economy and society and enable every child to enjoy growing up, and develop their potential and talent. It also gives them the broad skills they will need for the future.There are many guidelines, policies and legislation in abode to ensure children are protected and achieve wellbeing, and each covers various areas and ensures multiagency collaboration. As a trainee teacher and a subordinate teacher I will need to be aware of these because they underpin everything that I do. Within school and within my direction and planning, the five key principles of the ECM framework must be at the forefront of my mind, they need to be at the heart of every aspect of the school, including.Within Every Child Matters, at the heart of the computer programme it states that ECM requires teachers to be committed and passionate, and offer. It also states that teaching should include activities that are beyond the school, that involve parents and relate to real life experience. It also suggests. The curriculum is designed with ECM at the centre the design features address all 5 aspects, such as ensuring children are given the opportunity to learn in many subjects, and in a variety of settings and environments. ECM is at the centre when considering and ensuring opportunities for events such as productions and sports sidereal days, and when considering the schools routines. Also when considering any extended hours, offering opportunities before, during and after school, and links with health and social agencies.Young peoples lives are centred around school, and they clearly have an important part to play in supporting children to achieve the five aspects of ECM. Schools need to take into account the needs of all learners when planning. I will now consider how each aspect is/can be levyd in the curriculum.Schools can promote being healthy and staying safe by having a positive school ethos, which promotes inclusion. It should also follow many policies and procedures, to ensure children stay safe. When working as a Trainee Teacher and a qualified teacher I will need to be aware of all the policies that the school follows and ensure I am kept up to date with these. For showcase safeguarding and health and safety policies. Some procedures for this might be call into examinationing any adults in the school without a name badge and safety hinges on doors. I will also need to ensure I promote inclusion by methods such as personalisation.The school in which I am training tries very hard to ensure that children stay healthy. They have gained the Healthy School Award and have recently been given The Sports Unlimited Award. The school now offers a range of after school and lunchtime clubs, and provides healthy snacks for Foundation Stage and KS1 children. The school also brings in coaches to take P.E. lessons, to motivate learners and teach them the sport that they are experts in. Drinking water is provided throughout the day and each child has their own water bottle for them to drink from when in lessons. The school also actively promotes pass or cycling to school, and conducts cycling proficiency for pupils. Over the past year lunchtimes have become more structured with MDA and LSAs taking structured activities. Another effectual initiative that the school has adopted is the use of peer buddying and mentoring, with each adult in the school mentoring at least one child that is in need. The school also provides opportunities for learners to grow vegetables. As well as having regular assemblies taken by police officers and visits from health workers. The school m akes many links between the association with visits to sing at old peoples homes and links with reading schemes through the library.When I am planning and teaching I will need to ensure that I use circle time to explore health and personal issues as well as encourage debate and peer decisions. I could also provide a quiet area within my classroom where children are able to take time out. Opportunities should be given to promote and encourage and to learn to be healthy in many subjects. I will need to be aware of this and apply them in my teaching. A few examples include allowing for leaners to be sceptred through making their own decisions, encouraging diversity, respecting difference and teaching them about their own identity, and using mathematics to investigate data on diet and health. write up could also be used to explore community history and individual identity.Schools have the indebtedness to ensure children are able to enjoy and achieve whilst staying safe when they ar e at school, through a wide range of policies and procedures. For example rules for how to use equipment safely, safeguarding, carrying out risk assessments, and bullying policies. However the staying safe element of ECM goes much further than the school and it is about.The school in which I am training provides many opportunities to ensure children are able to stay safe. They provide day and residential trips and set rules around the school based upon the schools Core values. With the increase in the use of the internet, the LA have also developed a policy for E-safety. The school provides mentoring and home work clubs to ensure the learners dont fall behind with work and also provide pupils with the opportunities to discuss any issues they may have. The school also has a council that acts as the student voice and gets learners more involved in the school. The school also encourages confidence for children to speak out, and uses role play, performances and presentations to promote this. The school uses visits from outside professionals, such as community police officers, and before any school trips, a safety check has to be conducted.There are also many opportunities to promote staying safe in the subjects that are being taught in my school. For example art, and design and technology could be used to promote safe practice and managing risks that may occur. ICT could be used to develop safety, such as questioning information and how to sit correctly at computer, i.e. .posture. When Teaching I need to be aware of how I can incorporate staying safe in my planning and in my classroom. I would also need to use the schools Core Values to assist safety and set class rules with the children. I will also need to take some function in ensuring the school is safe, because it is everybodys responsibility not just the head teachers or senior managers. I could use stories in my class to deal with behaviours such as bullying and challenging stereotypes, resolving conflict and consequences.Schools need to ensure every child is making a positive contribution by ensuring the environment is created to encourage all to participate. They also give learners a voice, and vary in teaching strategies. The school where I am training has a school council that provides the children with a voice to speak out. In the Every Child Matters, at the heart of the curriculum booklet it states that if the children are aware that they have the opportunity to enrich the lives of others and support and care for them, and ultimately change things for the better, accordingly they are much more belike to be more sociable beyond the school gates.The school I will be training at provides opportunities across the curriculum to ensure children give a positive contribution. The school council gives the opportunity to make decisions such as what equipment shall be built in the playground. It is important that children are able to make choices that have a true impact. Learners are al so given various responsibilities around the school such as being responsible for(p) for the library, putting books away or giving them out, watering and looking after the garden, and collecting the register. They also encourage learners to participate in clubs and projects around the school. The school offers various clubs and everybody participates in the Christmas plays, as well as using buddying and mentoring schemes. They make links with the community through projects such as Christmas singing and also use such projects to raise money for charities.I will need to be aware of these points to ensure that I incorporate them into my classroom, for example by giving children responsibilities. I will also need to be aware of the ways the children can offer a positive contribution in certain subjects, such as promoting group work in English, including listening, speech and responding to others, or encouraging children to contribute to a performance in music. When I am teaching I wil l need to ensure I enable and provide children with an opportunity to speak out and tell me the support they need, and provide an environment which is created for all to be able to participate in. I could use various methods to promote positive contribution such as using talk partners, incentives and mentors.Enjoying and Achieving is promoted in schools by lessons always taking account for different nurture styles and abilities, and then ensuring that learners enjoy their learning.To ensure they enjoy and achieve, I may need to refer a child that may need more specialist help, research any needs they may have, differentiate and personalise my lessons, and celebrate achievements. If children are enjoying learning and have good supportive relationships, they are more likely to achieve. Every child has a talent, and it is the responsibility of the school to uncover these talents and ensure that all young people view themselves as a success and can live a fulfilling life.This means th at the curriculum needs to be full of challenges and surprises. Children need to be able to build upon their own aptitudes as well as being able to enjoy what they are learning, and should be given opportunities to take on responsibility, whilst always considering each childs individual needs. The school that I am training at offers the pupils many opportunities to achieve and enjoy across the curriculum. The school gives each year group a topic every term, this allows children to see links between subjects, and provides them with opportunities to deeply explore issues. The school provides many trips from adventurous activities to historical sites, and provides opportunities for children to participate in the community through activities and projects. The school also provides many opportunities for children to demonstrate their skills through concerts, plays, and sports, and uses an achievement fence to praise children that achieve and/or participate, as well as having achievement assemblies once a week. In the achievement assemblies many awards are given dissolute awards awards for effort knowledge and reading or anything else that is considered an achievement. The school also provides catch-up lessons and additional support through lunchtime and afterschool.I need to ensure that I see the school as a learning community and that I see myself as a lead learner. I will need to ensure that I provide opportunities for children to explore deeply and widely. When I am planning I will try and ensure to incorporate the childrens interest into lessons, and I will also need to ensure I arrange trips to help them to enjoy and achieve. I will need to try and use experts and organisations when teaching, and reach out and use parents where possible. I will also need to fully participate throughout the school to ensure I assist in allowing children to enjoy and achieve.There are many opportunities in lessons where I can plan to ensure children enjoy and achieve. In PSHE I could provide practical learning activities that relate to real life. I could also use real life situations in mathematics or use investigation games and strategies. I will need to be able to incorporate and ensure the children enjoying and achieving is at the heart of my teaching and planning. I must understand that it isnt about just teaching the lesson it is about them understanding, enjoying and learning from the lesson.Economic wellbeing is about contextualising learning by relating it to the real world, and learners see the value of their learning. It also helps learners to create a. This means that children can achieve a great sense of satisfaction from being responsible for their own future.The school where I will be training uses many opportunities in the curriculum to help children to achieve economic wellbeing. The school provides learning opportunities for children to fundraise, in school or in an outside school setting. The school also encourages children to take on jo bs in school such as taking responsibility for the school library or collecting the register. The school also provides leadership opportunities for pupils, such as becoming mentors or part of the school council. The school also actively promotes and embraces cultural difference and diversity. I could help children to achieve economic wellbeing by making them responsible for their dinner money and make it their responsibility to work out any change. I must ensure I encourage children to take on responsibilities in the school and in the class.There are many opportunities for learners to achieve economic wellbeing in subjects. For example I could use English to develop communication skills, and expressing views and ideas effectively. Learners could also develop their skills in obtaining information, analysing it, and evaluating it in science. P.E. could be used to teach children to work both as an individual and as part of team.When considering my personal development, my priority is t o learn how to plan correctly, ensuring I use various learning environments and take into account the different childrens contexts. I will need to sit down with my School Based Trainer and maybe the classs plump teacher, and consider each childs context. I will then be able to use this to personalise and differentiate planning. It will also inform me of the childrens interests, this will help me to plan for their interests and ensure they enjoy the lessons.ECM has greatly affected education and the way teachers teach. It has impacted many areas from, planning, safety, and dealing with behaviour. It has played a major part in radically reforming many children and young peoples services and lives. It is important however to not only praise the policy but also to criticise the policy in order for it to be developed and improved. This can be seen in the development from the Green Paper. At every stage the original policy aims were evaluated and then reset. For ECM to fully achieve its aims it is important that there needs to be multi-disciplinary work, and that teams and colleagues need to continuously reflect and evaluate. The overall effect of Every Child Matters and been massive, and Im sure that the results will continue to be seen for many years to come.Why Doesnt the UK Have a Constitution?Why Doesnt the UK Have a Constitution?Does the UK need a Republican Constitution?ANSWERThere is a long and a short answer to this question. The short answer is No. The long answer is unimpeachably not. This may seem a flippant response, but this commentator predicts that it is precisely the kind of reaction that this question would engender in the majority of coupled earth lawyers, commentators and politicians. Moreover, justification of this negative response is likely to be equally pithy If it aint broke, dont fix it.The United Kingdom is a stable, peaceful and flush constitutional monarchy. It is very far indeed from broke. Human rights are protected, the power of the state and its agencies are subject to the rule of law, corruption is relatively borderline and our legal system, welfare state and national health service are envied the world over. Democracy functions well, or at least relatively well in comparison with examples overseas. The Queen is generally respected and in many quarters cherished as a national figurehead. UK armed forces police the world and we have a seat at the highest global tables exercising far more influence over world affairs than our size and population merit. There is low in the way of civil strife or serious unrest no state of emergency or sense of impending doom. Our system, with all its typically British foibles and idiosyncrasies, undeniably works, and has done for the greater part of one thousand years.1 It may seem like a prosaic claim but it is a blunt fact that almost no other country in the world can lay claim to a history the like of which graces these islands. The question as to whether the United Ki ngdom needs a Republican constitution is therefore unarguably flawed. Of course it doesnt need a Republican constitution.The placement QuoThe United Kingdom operates as a constitutional monarchy with a bicameral (two house) parliament comprised of the planetary house of Commons and the House of Lords. Supreme executive power is technically invested in the Crown, but in practice this power is discharged in the name of the Crown by ministers of state led by the Prime Minister. The House of Lords acts as essentially as a consulting chamber and while it can delay the enactment of legislation even the fact that it is comprised of appointed rather than elected members has proved advantageous, because it leaves the authority of the House of Commons unchallenged. The system works and there is no sign of imminent frailty or jeopardy to the status quo.There is no stately separation of powers between the executive and the law-makers and while the Sovereign in Parliament stands as the supre me legislative authority, ministers carry out the agenda and work of the government. In the House of Lords, Law Lords sit as judges in the Appellate Committee and they also play a full part in the legislative work of the House.All that said it must be conceded that the United Kingdom does not actually possess a formal constitution at all.2 The United Kingdom is one of a tiny minority of countries that lack a single comprehensive document laying down the legal system of the state, the roles and functions of the apparatus of government and the procedural rules by which it should operate. It is submitted that such documents have proved useful in other countries as the ultimate controversy of a nations supreme law with the sovereign legal authority to empower a nominated constitutional court to rule acts of the legislature illegal if they are found to contravene the rights entailed within.However, that revelation aside, it does not appear to matter that the United Kingdom lacks a singl e constitutional document. Our constitutional institution is found in piecemeal form shot through our entire system of government. Aspects of the United Kingdoms constitutional system can be found in a multiplicity of rules that establish and govern the very practice of governance. It is a time-honoured system founded on a combination of Acts of Parliament conventions, judicial decisions and governmental practice. Perhaps it could not work in every state, but it appears to work here.A New Republican Horizon?Need it be said, a Republican Constitution would demand the abolition of the monarchy or more realistically a dramatic reduction in the power of the monarchy and a budge of authority to, for example a Presidential executive. None of the mainstream political parties subscribe to such an ambition and one must descend to the third tier of political activity before the issue attracts even a modicum of fringe support. This commentator could identify only one Republican pressure gro up with a evidential presence on the Internet, and even this group professes to have no political ambitions of its own.3This suggests that the issue of a new Republican Constitution for the United Kingdom, while tickle for students of politics and law, is simply not on the agenda. One could easily infer that the reason it is not on the agenda is that there is no perception of current need or even of current advantage, inherent in such a move. This view, which is as stated is held by the overwhelming majority of political actors and commentators, speaks for itself. It is a view that may well change over time as future events are unpredictable, and the succession to the throne of Charles may weaken the prestige of the Crown. However, with the common Prince William waiting in the wings that may only be a temporary blip in the history of the British monarchy.Concluding CommentsIt is submitted that there can be only one reasonable response to this question and that is, as stated in th e introduction to this paper No. The fault lies in the question itself and in particular with the use of the word need. The United Kingdom has developed into one of the most successful countries in the world. This commentator can see no imperative demanding immediate constitutional reform.4 It would have made for a more interesting intellectual exercise if the question had asked if the United Kingdom would benefit from a Republican constitution? Does it need a Republican constitution? From the perspective of 2006, the answer is manifestly and unequivocally No. Indeed, this commentator would go further it is argued that the United Kingdom seems to operate quite satisfactorily without any formal constitution at all.BIBLIOGRAPHYBrazier, R., Constitutional Reform Re-Shaping the British Political System. (1998) Oxford University PressDicey, A.V., Introduction to the issue of the law of the constitution. (1959) London, MacmillanRepublic The Campaign for an Elected Head of State http//www .republic.org.uk/faqs.htmOliver, D., Constitutional Reform in the UK, (2003) Oxford University PressFootnotes1 For comment see Brazier, R., Constitutional Reform Re-Shaping the British Political System. (1998) Oxford University Press.2 For insightful comment see Dicey, A.V., Introduction to the study of the law of the constitution. (1959) London, Macmillan.3 See http//www.republic.org.uk/faqs.htm.4 Contrast the views of Oliver, D., Constitutional Reform in the UK, (2003) Oxford University Press.