Christians Restoring the Environment

â€Å"Go Green,† the new slogan that promotes saving the environment is being heard everywhere. As I turn on my television or pass a billboard on the highway. The message is loud and clear that the earth is desperately crying out for us humans to start taking care of our domain. According to Green Living, â€Å"Going green is about conserving our resources, finding alternative energies, and innovative ways to keep our rivers and oceans cleaner and our landfills smaller. (Scheid, 2009) Christians can make a difference in the environment if all the churches in the United States rallied together to promote environmental restoration. I'm aware that our environmental issues are extreme; however, if you have a large organization such as the church pushing the cause to its congregants, I believe we will begin to see a difference in those who make conscious decisions that will attribute to the restoration of our environment. Targeting individuals and families through the media and ads are positive but I question how affective those streams of influence really are. I know that I have personally not given a lot of attention to, â€Å"Being Green. The reason for that is because I don't really understand the importance of individuals making small changes towards these environmental issues, especially when you look at the massive oil leak in the Gulf of Mexico. It makes me want to ask why we are being targeted. It appears our efforts are useless when big corporations make destructive decision that affect the environment way more than me and my family ever could. I also know that right now my family can't afford to go out and buy energy saving appliances which is a huge expense in this depressed economy. Also, most of the items you can buy that are â€Å"green† cost more. Cleaners, paints, materials can add up and really have negative affects on a person’s financial income if you are living on a budget. I have also heard so much controversy around the validity of global warming that I question if it is all a hoax or if there really is anything that can be done to help improve our environment. However, if churches began answering these questions to their attendees and began promoting environmental restoration, I believe we would see people become passionate to the point they start making more â€Å"go green† choices. According to the US Census Bureau, there are approximately, 310,470,820 people in the United States alone. (Census Bureau, 2010) Gallup poll states that 43. 1% of Americans reported going to church weekly. (Newport, 2010) If the churches would rally around the environmental restoration cause, they could be influential to their attendees about taking care of the environment. According to Star Tribune, â€Å"The faith community has become one of the major players in environmental issues. Coming from the standpoint of morals, religious groups are able to address green issues from a different perspective than the political or socioeconomic juggernaut. (Strickler, 2008) There are several things that churches can do on a Sunday morning to persuade their attendees. Many churches these days do video announcements that are very affective because they are visual. I think it would be an asset to incorporate visual examples of these individual churches making an effort to bring restoration to the environment. They could use these video announcements to educate their members, teach them the importance of conserving energy and lessening pollution and give their congregants specific tips on how they can save energy with updated appliances. The churches could also speak with some appliance stores that may offer discounts to their church members in hopes that they would switch over to these energy saving appliances. Churches could avoid using paper as much as possible by using their website or phone tree to contact their congregants. They could also dedicate a wall within the church which displays information about environmental restoration as well as giving information on their website. Ricky Nolan of Minneapolis attended an earth day service at his church and he stated, â€Å"The religious world, ‘brings a sense of responsibility' to the ecological debate. (Strickler, 2008) Unlike the secular world, the church can emphasize the importance of taking care of the earth because God made it. Pastors can use scripture to explain God’s intent of being good stewards over His creation. Christians can stand together by good simple Christian stewardship and work towards a cause that will benefit not only our generation but several generations to come. Most people will listen to their spiritual leader with an issue such as environmental restoration because it is a good cause and because they are very good at endorsing worthwhile causes. They know how to make their listeners take personal responsibility. Pastors already have a level of influence; why else would 43% of people in America take time out of their busy schedules to attend church. Pastors could use this influence to evoke passion; once these spiritual leaders have made their members zealous about the cause; I believe that excitement would automatically spill over into their individual communities. So you might ask why it is necessary for our churches to get involved since there is so much information already spreading about being environmentally conscious. I personally don't believe that most people really care enough to change their lifestyle. However, if a repetitious announcement is being made weekly in a place that people choose to be apart of, the probability is higher that people will catch on and begin to embrace the cause. I believe our Christian churches can make a difference because we represent a large number of Americans. Churches already have great influence; just imagine what we can do if we used that influence to remind God's children about the world He created and how it is crying out right now for some love and attention.

Hip-Hop’s Effect on African-American Feminists

Kelli Hickey Cheryl Hitosis English161 December 7, 2007 Hip-Hop’s Effect on African-American Feminists Annotated Bibliography Davis, Eisa. â€Å"Sexism and the Art of Feminists Hip-Hop Maintenance. † To be Real: Telling the Truth and Changing the Face of Feminism. New York: Anchor Books, 1995. 131-139. Davis points out that not all feminists are taking the concept of sexism so casually and also _ believes that rap lyrics are not the only cause for the degradation of black women. Black _ _ men have given black women a place where they can gain public acceptance in popular _ _ culture. _ DiPrima, Dominique. â€Å"Women in Rap. † Hotwire. May 1991: 36. Salt-N-Pepa is introduced and this tells how they make a statement in hip-hop music _ through their lyrics. DiPrima talks about the group’s female empowerment that became_ _ present in their songs. _ Emerson, Rana. â€Å"African-American Teenage Girls and the Construction of Black Womanhood in Mass Media and Popular Culture. † 88. Emerson says the lyrics make racism seem normal and acceptable. In contrast, black girls _ remain confident in themselves. They use popular culture to make their lives more meaningful _ _ and express themselves. Niesel, Jeff. â€Å"Hip-Hop Matters: Rewriting the Sexual Politics of Rap Music. † Third Wave Agenda: Being Feminist, Doing Feminism. Minneapolis: U of Minneapolis P, 1997. 242-245. Niesel states rap music is exploitative, but it also plays a significant role in enforcing _ feminists’ principles. He says there are rappers out there who use their rap t o advocate _ _ treating women fairly, and bring awareness of social problems. _ Pilgrim, Dr. David. â€Å"Jezebel. † July 2002. http://www. ferris. edu/news/jimcrow/jezebel. Pilgrim says black women have always been viewed as sexually promiscuous. These views _ still carry on in pop culture today. He also talks about how black women were viewed in the _ _ times of Foxy Brown and Lil Kim. _ Pough, Gwendolyn D. â€Å"Love Feminism but Where’s My Hip-Hop? † Colonize This! Young Women of Color on Today’s Feminism. New York: Seal Press, 2002. 91-92. Pough talks about the need for African-American men to exploit women in music due to _ women gave her courage as a young women to use confrontations in her own life. Also, she _ _ talks about good verses bad work ethic among black women in music videos. Rose, Tricia. â€Å"Tricia Rose on Hip-Hop. † Interview with Princeton University. Program in the Study of Women and Gender. Dec. 1993. Rose talks about the bad effect of young women listening to degrading lyrics and believing _ them. Additionally, she says that when a woman makes a justifiable critique, men make it _ _ seem like some sort of PMS attack. _ Valenti, Jessica. Full Frontal Feminism. New York: Sea l Press, 2007. 10. Valenti talks about the third wave feminist movement and how it uses personal narratives, _ unlike prior waves of feminism. _

Brazil leading the BRICS case study Essay

As of the date of the case and as explained in the case: is Brazil leading the BRICs? Please explain and defend your position. (We will discuss more recent data in class if time.) From the case I can see that for the past decade, Brazil has experienced greater integration into the global economy which has been characterized by significant growth in economy and reinforcement of the country’s weight in international trade negotiations. Brazil played an increasingly important leading role in the BRICs. However, Brazil was the underperformer of the BRICs in many areas. It faced significant obstacles to growth, including rising inflation, high interest rates, an appreciating exchange rate, poor infrastructure, excessive bureaucracy, and persistent crime. Overall, I think that Brazil plays a more and more important role on the international stage but is not leading the BRICs. BRAZIL PLAYS A MORE AND MORE IMPORTANT ROLE ON THE INTERNATIONAL STAGE STRONG ECONOMIC GROWTH Brazil had sustained an average annual GDP growth of 4% since 2000. Between 2002 and 2009, inequality and poverty had declined significantly and more than 30 million Brazilians had advanced from lower income strata to the middle class. Goldman Sachs expected the BRICs to be among the five largest economies in  the world by 2030, forecasting a growth rate of more than 5% per year for Brazil. INTENSIVE INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND FOREIGN INVESTMENT In 1964, Brazil was opened to foreign direct investment an expansion in manufacturing and services generated GDP growth averaging more than 10% annually. By 2008, Brazil was in the top 20 countries ranked by international trade. After Brazil joined the WTO, over time, the number of Brazilian firms on a list of the world’s 2,000 largest public companies grew from 13 in 2003 to 33 in 2010. Foreign investors had transferred more than $30 billion in portfolio investment to Brazil in 2010 alone. A MAJOR PLAYER IN MULTILATERAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS During numerous meetings of trade ministers from more than 140 countries, Brazil stood out as a leading voice of emerging markets. President Lula led the creation of the WTO G-21, a block of developing countries that negotiated collectively at WTO meetings. Brazil took a leading role in WTO negotiations and it also held important leadership positions in the Group of Twenty (G-20). AN AGRICULTURAL POWERHOUSE Brazil had become an agricultural powerhouse, ranked as the world leader in the production of six crops, ranging from sugarcane to dry beans, and among the top five producers of 32 other agricultural goods. BRAZIL IS NOT LEADING THE BRICS. UNFAVORABLE HISTORICAL FACTORS Brazil became independent in 1822, which was the latest independent country among the BRICs. Brazil had been in a climate of political unrest for a long time inundated with rebellions, individual dictatorship, and tensions between the landowners and slaveries. THE GOVERNMENT’S DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY IMPOSED OBSTACLES ON ENTREPRENEURS Under the Import substituting industrialization (ISI) development strategy, State-owned enterprises expanded but new businesses were pushed out of the formal economy. Labor laws made it costly for companies to hire or fire workers FINANCIAL ISSUE High interest rates and barriers to borrowing blocked market entry for entrepreneurial Brazilians. Brazil had a long time relying on aggressive growth which fueled import consumption and to a large extent worsened Brazil’s balance-of-payments, while government debt ballooned. RED TAPE AND POOR INFRASTRUCTURE Brazil’s infrastructure is in terrible shape and the country isn’t saving and investing enough. Red tape and poor infrastructure made it difficult for Brazilians to start companies. LOW-QUALITY TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM In 2011, Brazil still transported many agricultural exports distances of 1,500 kilometers or more on low-quality roads in order to arrive at ports with backlogs and ineffective logistics. The World Economic Forum’s â€Å"quality of roads index† ranked Brazil 105th out of 139 countries. THE QUALITY OF EDUCATION REMAINED LOW Brazil’s students ranked near the bottom in the Organization for Economic Coordination and Development’s Program for International Student Assessment. COMPLEX DIPLOMATIC RELATIONSHIPS Brazil’s success in World Trade Organization dispute, use of compulsory licensing provisions to break patents, and diplomatic negotiations with Iran had generated tensions with the United States and the European Union. In Africa, Brazil found itself competing with China for development projects and political influence. (2) Was Brazil or the U.S. correct in the Merck dispute? Please explain and defend your position. THE MANUFACTURING COST OF THE EFAVIRENZ WAS VERY HIGH. The combination of prescription drugs that made up the HAART approach historically cost more than $15,000 per patient annually in the United States. The high price in the home country already showed that the relevant R&D, manufacturing cost was very high, let alone the other extra cost for selling in a foreign destination. BRAZIL THREATENED A COMPULSORY LICENSE TO FORCE PHARMACEUTICAL FIRMS COMPROMISE ON THE PRICE. In 2005, Abbott Pharmaceuticals made a compromise deal because Brazil’s  health minister threatened a compulsory license. Brazil governments saw it an effective way of pushing the pharmaceutical firms to compromise, so they started to make the same step towards other pharmaceutical firms. What they considered was their own benefit but did not carefully rethink whether it was inappropriate. MERCK OFFERED MODEST DISCOUNTS AND SOON AFTER LOWERED THEIR PRICE AGAIN BUT BRAZILIAN OFFICIALS DID NOT STOP AND INSTEAD DEMAND MORE. Brazilian officials intensified negotiations with Merck after they received discounts from the company in 2005. Over the course of 16 official meetings, Merck lowered its price again to $570 per patient per year. Brazilian health and trade officials demanded better, citing generic suppliers ready to provide the drug at $240 per patient per year. BRAZIL IGNORED MERK’S MULTIYEAR STAGED TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER TO FARMANGUINHOS. To protect its IP, Merck proposed a multiyear staged technology transfer for efavirenz to Farmanguinhos, Brazil’s national drug manufacturer. In the process, Farmanguinhos can learn and develop progressively with the help of Merck, but Brazil government was too anxious to obtain the short term benefit and did not realize that the multiyear staged technology transfer would benefit more in the long run. MERCK ADOPTED PRICING RELATED TO THE COUNTRIES’ ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT LEVELS WITHOUT DISRESPECT OR DISCRIMINATION. As the world’s 12th largest economy, Brazil was able to pay a little higher price, which on the other hand can help the countries that are more underdeveloped to lessen budget for the medicines. However, Brazil only compared the price with some of the more inferior countries and condemned that Merck did not respect them and charged them unfairly. MERCK WAS NOT PROFIT-ORIENTED AND IGNORED THE PUBLIC INTERESTS AS BRAZILIAN OFFICIALS SAID. Merck operated several donation programs for medicines valued at more than $750 million annually, which showed their sense of social responsibility and care for the public interests. THE COMPULSORY LICENSE WOULD CAUSE INVESTMENTS TO GO ELSEWHERE. Breaking off discussions with Merck and seizing its intellectual property sent a dangerous signal to the investment community. In Brazil, more than 550 domestic and international firms were involved in pharmaceutical. All these firms were taken aback by the compulsory license and getting worried that their intellectual property could be expropriated. THE EFAVIRENZ COMPULSORY LICENSE ALSO POSED A CHALLENGE TO FARMANGUINHOS. Farmanguinhos initially was unable to manufacture efavirenz with little more to go on than Merck’s patent. It had to work very hard to obtain the know-how to manufacture efavirenz. INTERNATIONAL OR PRIVATE COMPANIES FELT THEY INCREASINGLY LOST COMPETITIVE POWER. Since companies like Farmanguinhos that are owned by the government paid no tax and did not need to go through the public bid pathway to sell their products, they had original considerable advantages over the other international or private companies. Moreover, intensive help and attention were given to them that made them overwhelmingly dominant. THE GOVERNMENT REACTION CONTRADICTED ITS PROMISE. To reassure investors and firms, the Brazilian government sought that patent laws remained in force. The Ministry of Science and Technology declared that they would respect the international intellectual property legal framework. However, soon after Brazil’s health minister announced that the AIDS drug tenofovir, manufactured by U.S.-based Gilead Sciences, was â€Å"of public interest,† and the company’s patent application for the drug was rejected.

Management strategy and policy research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Management strategy and policy - Research Paper Example The net revenue of the company in the financial year 2011 was $701.29 million, which reflects a reflecting a strong financial situation of the company. Aramex is a publicly traded joint stock company registered under United Arab Emirates laws and its shares are traded in Dubai financial market. The company is currently headquartered at Amman, Jordan and has its business wings spread all over the world. The organizational structure of the company is well defined and is managed along two tracks - 1) by service 2) geographically, with the help of, country managers, regional senior managers and cross?functional country?based‘Aramexteams’ that is providing harmonization of all Aramex services on a modified basis to Aramex customers (â€Å"About Aramex†). The organizational structure of the company is presented below: - Organizational structure of Aramex and how it impacts the design and implementation of Strategy Figure 1 – Corporate management Structure of Aram ex (Source: Aramex, â€Å"Sustainability Report 2006† 8) The above chart clearly points out about the departments or divisions of the organization. In addition, the chart also sheds light on the way Aramex is carrying out and managing its business functions. Presently the company has 4 major departments namely marketing, IT (information technology), finance and the operations departments. Each of the departments is being headed by the VP’s (Vice Presidents). From the organizational chart it has also observed that the company has appointed VP’s in different location. Most of them are responsible for managing the operation of the allotted areas. The structure followed by the company is therefore clearly divisional structure. However, these VP’s do not report to any of the departmental heads, rather they directly reports to the CEO of the company. Apart from them, other business heads such as the chief technology officer, chief marketing officer, group finan cial controller, Sr. VP finance and CFO, VP logistics and ground operation, Sr. VP cargo, VP express, chief strategy office, vice president, as well as the in front managing director. Hence, it is obvious that the company has been able to streamline its business process with this organizational arrangement. On the contrary, if the arrangement wouldn’t have been appropriate the performance of the company was sure to be negatively impacted. However, the financial results of the company clearly points out that the company is doing well in the market place. The flat and decentralized management structure of the organization is one of the key drivers of success for the company. The simple and flexible structure of the organization has allowed them to empower the employees of the organization and also make decision pertaining to the enhancement of the company’s service offerings irrespective of the location of the organization and the level at which they are operating (Arame x, â€Å"the age of entrepreneur† 4). Nevertheless, a number of studies reveal that the organizational structure has a strong impact on the design, formulation and implementation of the organizational strategies. Organizational strategy and structure are highly related as the organizational strategy of a company helps them to describe, identify and build the organizational structure. This is the reason why the organizational structure of a company is based on the outcome of the analysis of the

Operations Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 13

Operations Management - Essay Example The international nature that is evident in the markets as well as competition has made many of the companies that operate globally to make reviews to their operations strategy and the companies are thus moving from the centralized operations to the decentralized ones so that they can benefit from the accessible resources while being closer to the markets. The organizations have also made several changes in the approaches, techniques and operations they employ with the goal of meeting the evolving requirements associated with the market. Companies therefore have to be in competition on the basis of more than one competitive performance goals that include quality, cost, receptiveness, suppleness as well as reliability.Mass customization has therefore developed to be a key goal as in many of the companies and the organizations are developing the build-to-order supply chain so that it can be flexible and responsive. To accomplish mass customization, the build-to-order model has to be ac tively implemented in a variety of industries, company like BMW allows the customers to make changes to the vehicles that they want within six days of the final assembly and this includes an entire change in the colour of the car. This enables the company for example, to build more than half a million permutations of the Z3 since they can be tweaked to the customer’s specifications in the event that he or she wants adjustments.As a result of the escalating international competition as well as a decline in the profit margins.

DECISION MAKING AND INFORMATION POLITICS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

DECISION MAKING AND INFORMATION POLITICS - Essay Example This discussion includes the exploration of the strengths and weaknesses of my organization’s circumstances and one improvement that I would make to either its structure or process. The IT governance structure and decision-making process in my organization will be a shared one. This structure entails the assigning IT governance duties to five decision-making structures. First, a Technology Architecture Committee would fall under this IT governance structure and be inherent in every operating team (Haes & Van Grembergen, 2014). Each of these teams would be in charge of convening the exclusive requirements of the divisions of the organization. Second, an Enterprise Architect Unit would entail a group of business division IT officials. These officials would take the responsibility of establishing organization-wide criteria for leading the advancements contributions of all functional units (Brisebois, Boyd, and Shadid, n.d.). Third, an IT Council comprised of chief technology officers and chief information officers of every operating team would be part of this governance structure. These representatives would convene monthly to discuss new inventions and methods that the organization can control (Haes & Van Grembergen, 2014). Fourth, a Shared Services Board would comprise of chief information officers and chief financial officers. These officials would convene to pinpoint opportunities to deliver shared IT and fiscal services to the organization. Lastly, an Investment Committee would comprise of a subsection of the executive board that offers ultimate ruling on all of the organization’s big investment plans (Hughes, 2003). Governance structures and decision-making processes echo responsibility for both decisions and contributions made exclusively to those decisions (Haes & Van Grembergen, 2014). This principle applies to my organization’s IT governance structure as well. Five decision-making structures should offer vision as to

Jordanian Economic System History to Modern day Term Paper

Jordanian Economic System History to Modern day - Term Paper Example This research will begin with the economical history of Jordan. Jordan gained independence in the year 1946 when the United Nations declared the nation Independent from the rule of the British. If we delve into the economic history of Jordan, it becomes clear that Jordan since its independence in 1946 and its takeover by the West Bank has managed to position itself in a prominent place in world economy. Soon after the annexation, Jordan experienced a great level of economic growth in different areas as a result of availability of large arable lands and a large amount of supply of water from West Bank. It is to be noted that it is one of the most flourishing periods in the economy of Jordan. The annexation opened up the doors for economic prosperity for the nation as it now stood to gain an upper hand in agriculture. The country however experienced a slump period in its economy since Israel defeated and took over West Bank and sent the people of Jordan back from West Bank. Jordan suff ered a major set back due to this as it experienced a great deal of loss in terms of resources and materials. The Black September Civil war, that Jordan fought in September of 1970, to quash the Palestine military served to create a major set back for the economic growth of the region. The Black September civil war put a stop to the economical prosperity that the nation faced after the annexation. Soon after recovering from the civil war, the country again got back to its full form and had a stable growth until 1980s.    A Short Lived Boon in 1980    In the 1980s the country had a  considerable  boon in the economy due to the nation's  capitalization on the oil economy. Oil market is one of the biggest commodities in the world today and is mandatory to move industries and promote

Judea Declares War On Germany Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Judea Declares War On Germany - Essay Example Germany at that time was going through an economic crisis so the declaration was really a surprise. I was also surprised to see such a document which is a facsimile of the original British newspaper. First, I never realized that Jews were very powerful during that time- financially and politically. Imagine, thousands of Jews in the US forming assemblies to bring down Germany on its knees through an economic boycott. The thing that shocked me was the fact that Jews were always represented as poor, helpless people on movies about the Holocaust. This piece of information in history actually confused me because it changed my ideas about the Jews. Another thing that I can say about this article is that the way the news was written seems biased. The news did not seem to report only the facts because it was followed by articles with words about â€Å"Hitler’s terror†. If I were reading that newspaper that time, my opinion against the Germans would also be influenced negatively because I would feel that they are bad people. The lesson that I can learn from this article is that people should be conscious of their accusations against another group of people because they may not want the consequences later.

Public Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Public Relations - Essay Example The advantage of magazines is that the public can read the information passed at their convenience time. The disadvantage of magazines as a type of media is most people are not in a position to access the magazines because they are expensive to purchase. This is a type of media where the public relations practitioner uses a media where audio is transmitted in audios devices only, for example, radio. The advantage of audio media is that it reaches many people at the same time. The disadvantage being that at the time of broadcasting some of the public may not get the information passed (Graham & Monteith, 2011). These are small materials produced to pass information to the public. They are small informative documents that are mostly folded. An advantage of a brochure to the public relations practitioner is that they deliver more information than other types. The disadvantage of a brochure is that they require written and visual literacy. It is an audio-visual type of media where a public practitioner uses to reach the public and also entertain them too. An advantage being that it helps create awareness generates interest and excitement. A disadvantage being that they are expensive to advertise on (Sandra, 2007). This is a type of media where several web pages are created to form a website. It is only accessible on the internet. An organization creates a website and the public relations practitioner keeps posting information on it for the public to the reader when they access it.

Comparison of Operating System Kernels Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words - 1

Comparison of Operating System Kernels - Essay Example Different kinds of operating systems are available and in completion amongst one another. These come in form of products from Microsoft, Apple, Linux, FreeBSD and many more. Each of them has a large customer bench and has its own characteristics; it is these characteristics that make them unique and most sought after. At the same time these characteristics are totally unique in their way and facilitate the users in many ways. Computer itself is a large entity, and has many components such as memory unit, processing unit, operating system, cache, and many more parts. It is the operating system that holds the kernel within itself. Kernel is a series of instructions, processes and programs that are joined together, grouped into large entity to perform the tasks. For example a particular process, and a particular program may be designed to execute a certain function, the kernel is a larger entity that is created to enable execution of the entire operating system. While programs are related to the virtual mode, the kernel is also concerned with the physical mode and physical operations as well. Kernel is that part which provides a bridge between the software and hardware; it acts as an intermediate source between the two and facilitates each of them in making up an entire computer system for purpose of all the operations that we perform on the outside face of it(Pfleeger & Pfleeger, 2012,351). Before creating a kernel, a lot of thought is invested in to it, this thought pertains to the kind of customers it would entertain, the kind of functions it would provide, what capacity it would support, and most importantly the kind of work that would be performed by it. Based on these considerations, the kernels are designed to provide maximum benefit to the users and enrich the usage of computers along with aim of providing maximum ease. Other factors which distinguish the kernels support and

FedEx's best Customer Services Practices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

FedEx's best Customer Services Practices - Essay Example As the report declares FedEx was able to develop crucial customer value by making every courier transaction easy and fast, not only in terms of package deliveries but in terms of the comprehensive service to customers – from point of contact, point of sales to the actual client involvement in the delivery process. The move was borne out of the company’s experience in regard to the amount and sheer quantity of paper work that clients and FedEx employees alike must deal with – from the package forms, billing paper work and customer statements. The entire process became so tedious that it already became a burden. FedEx invested an exorbitant amount of money to computerize its operation and integrate the internet in its overall business strategy. This paper stresses that the system automatically calculates whether commitment to the customer was met by comparing ship date and service type to delivery date and time. In FedEx’s website, for instance, a customer can login to his account and access learn where his or her package, with several best practices options such as a link to an online customer service support. The goal is to create appropriate tools that enable front-line employees to improve their personal performance using the information in FedEx’s vast databases. This process is also characterized by the system’s capability to aggregate information according to location, geographic unit.

The Great Depression Essay Example for Free

The Great Depression Essay The great depression in America occurred during the reign of Herbert Hoover, the tenure of the Americas 31st president. Hoover who easily won the elections with a massive landslide over the Democratic Al Smith. He believed in efficiency and enhanced the notion that economic problems had their solutions hidden in technocratic approaches. During this time he tried the volunteer approach and government action to enhance the economy functioning but still failed. The breaking down of the Wall Street in 1929 challenged the American economy. Things went berserk for Hoover who avoided legislative relief proposals. Historian believe strongly that Roosevelt’s victory in 1932 was due to Hoover’s inability to address and resuscitate the American economy during the period when millions were rendered jobless and great heights of hopelessness hovered on the horizons. Though it is also agreed that  Ã‚   Regardless of Hoover’s relentless efforts that were deemed non-consequential in comparison with Roosevelt tenure, they surmount those all his federal predecessors. The political Platform that gave Roosevelt victory was coined behind the New Deal political ideology, this was a liberal New Deal Coalition invented by his government to support his projects. His intervention was timely in assuring economic boomerang through creating of jobs, abolishing of the stock market monopoly, enactment of the bank deposits that assured the business fraternity stable market economy. Workers unions were also formed. Despite Roosevelt’s monumental efforts in trying to contain the sickening memoirs of the great depression, he experienced an equaled opposition. Economists of the time wedged massive criticism against his short-term policies, which they termed as a toothless. A consortium of organizations, Lawyers, Democrats and Republican and writers all mounted vicious criticism against Roosevelt’s efforts like the public scorned Hoover by labeling him nicks names. The Supreme Court also in retaliation banned most of the unconstitutional programs. By and large the genesis to the bankruptcy and the depression of America transcends beyond the Hoover and Roosevelt’s regime. David Kennedy (1999) References: David Kennedy (1999) Freedom From Fear: The American People in Depression and War: 1929-1945. Oxford University Press

Business Organisations Within Different Industries

Business Organisations Within Different Industries Private Sector Private sector organisations are ones that are owned by private individuals or groups and is not controlled by the state. the main purpose of private sector businesses is to generate revenue and create profit. Other private sector business aims include furthur growth, increasing market share and maximising sales. By contrast, establishments that are part of the state are part of the public sector; private, non-profit organizations are regarded as part of the voluntary sector and do not fall in to this sub heading. There are a number of organisations under the private sector. The main types of businesses in the private sector are: Sole trader Sole traders are individually run businesses. These include plumbers, painters, accountants and hairdressers. They are responsible for the overall running of their business and their is no distinction between the individual and thier business. Unlike other types of organisations you do not have to register your business with anyone. Advantages of being a sole trader is the freedom to make your own decisions as you are your own boss which may be very motivating. As a sole trader you also keep 100% of the profits. Controversially the disadvantages equally weigh the advantages as being a sole trader means sources of finance are limited as you are the only individual able to raise money. Also as a sole trader you will have to work long hours and have limited holidays as closing the business could result in loss of customers which will lead to a loss in revenue creating a ripple affect which could harm potential profit. One of the main disadvantages of a sole trader is that as a sole trad er, you are subject to unlimited liability meaning failure to pay off debts could result in personal assets e.g. your home being repossessed. Partnership, either limited or unlimited liability Partnerships usually consist of 2 20 people. This is widespread is professions such as accountancy and law. Unlike sole traders the responsibility and work load is shared and more finance can be raised from the partners. Also each partner can specialise e.g. if you have a legal practise one partner can specialise is marital law and one can specialise in tort law. However they are undifferentiated from sole traders in terms of partnerships being unlimited liability. Other disadvantages include sharing of profits between all partners, size is limited to 20 members and also disagreements between partners. Private Sector Limited Companies Owned and run by shareholders. Requires a Memorandum of Association (which includes name of company, address,objectives, type of activities, amount of capital to be raised, number of shares to be issued). Requires an Articles of Association (which includes the rights of shareholders, procedures for appointing directors, timing and frequency of company meetings, arrangements for auditing company accounts). Shareholders have a right to attend the AGM. Private Limited Company or LTD-limited liability, with private shares Private limited companies are owned by share holders and the owners can place restrictions on who the share ae sold to. Many people who own family run companied for instance can place restrictions to allow family members only to purchase share. In this case shares can only be sold privately and cannot advertise their share for sale. Private Sector Public Limited Companies This companies name ends PLC. There are around 500,000 companies in the UK but only 3% of them are public limited companies. Shares can be bought and sold on the stock market. Accounts must be published. Advantages limited liability;huge amounts of capital can be raised; economies of scale; domination of the market. Disadvantages setting up costs can be very expensive; an outsider can take over the company; competitors can take advantage of information in published accounts; Legislation control the way the organisation is operated; Companies may be inflexible due to their size. Public Limited Company shares are open to the public. Two examples are: Franchise business owner pays a corporation to use their name, receives spec for the business Workers cooperative all workers have equal pay, and make joint business decisions Public limited companies like private limited companies are owned by share holders however no restrictions can be placed and shareholders can sell shares to whoever they like. One disadvantage in this is that companies my be subject to a take over by other shareholders if they start buying up shares in attempt to take control. Some share holders may want to resist this take over but can not stop other shareholders selling their shares. Public Sector The Public Sector, sometimes referred to as the state sector is owned and run by the state (government) for their citizens. Their aim is to provide services needed by the citizens, regarless of income or wealth, for example health and education. These organisations are funded through taxation. The organization of the public sector can take several forms, including: Central government These include such services as defence, national health service, social security, prisions, police, universities. Local government These include primary secondary education, refuse collection, libraries, social services, council housing, parks and sport facilities Public corporation Non-profit sector. Non-profit sectors, the organisations in which fall into this category are different to both the private and public sectors, which has main objectives of turning a profit. Instead non profit organisations e.g. charitable organizations, trade unions and public arts organizations do not distribute its profits to shareholders or owners but use the money to meet goals. Ownership is the quantitative difference between for- and not-for-profit organizations. For-profit organizations can be privately owned and may re-distribute taxable wealth to employees and shareholders. By contrast, not-for-profit organizations do not have private owners. They have controlling members or boards, but these people cannot sell their shares to others or personally benefit in any taxable way. While non profit organisations are able to turn a profit known as a surplus, finance earned are retained by the organisation for its self-preservation, expansion and future plans. They are in most countries exempt from income and property taxation. Purpose Activities Marketing Marketing is the function of the business that is responsible for understanding customer needs and developing the right products, setting the right price and promoting and distributing products in the right way. Marketing ensures what is being provided is always a want and need. Market research new product development Purchasing Purchasing functions objectives are to buy at the most economic order the right quantity and quality for the right price from suppliers who are reliable and provide a good service. Through this they can ensure they can provide their organisation with an uninterrupted flaw of materials and services for company operations. They also have to find reliable alternative sources of supply. Determine needs, select the suppliers, negotiate the purchase and follow up on orders. Human Resources The pupose of the human resourse function is to assess the current and future capacity of a businesses future workforce needs and maximize the productivity of an organization by optimizing the effectiveness of its employees. Job design, Advertise job vacancies, select candidates, training and development, performance appraisal compensation, maintenance labour relations, Finance Production Hirachical strucutre Also known as the pyramis structure, the hierarchical structure means that with every level in the structure is a different level of authority. The structure houses fewer people at the top of the pyramid which can include job titles such as owner ceo and managing director. In hierarchical structures the chain of command runs from the top down and through each line department. Employees at each level are managed by their line manager directly above them in their orgainsation function. Within hierarchical structures authority and responsibility is clearly defined and it is clear to see the promotion path for employees. Also there are specialist managers which could effectively be used as the hierarchical strucuter encourages this in terms of environment. Futhur more employees will be very loyal to their department within their orgainsation. However the organisation can be beauracratic and theirfore respond sloly to changing customer needs and thet market within which the orgainsation operates. Communication across various sections can be poor due to having to report to line managers especially horizontal communitcation. And departments can make decisions which benefit them rather than the business as a whole especially if there is inter departmental rivalry. Matrix structure The matrix structure groups employees and resources in two ways simultaneously by both function and product. This structure can combine the best of both separate structures. A matrix organization frequently uses teams of employees to accomplish work, in order to take advantage of the strengths, as well as make up for the weaknesses, of functional and decentralized forms. An example if a organisation wanted to produce two products, a table and a chair. Using the matrix structure, this company would organize functions within the company as follows: a table sales department, a table customer service department, a table accounting, a chairsales department, a chair customer service department, a chair accounting department. Advantages of such structures are individuals can be chosen according to the needs of the project, the use of a project team wich is dynamic and able to view problems in different ways as specialist have been brought together in a new environment and project managers a re sirectly responsible for completing a project within a certain time frame and budget. However the disadvantages are a conflict between line managers and project managers over the allocation of resources, if teams have a lot of independence than it can be hard to monitor and cost can be increased if more managers are created through the use of project teams. Divisional structure Also known as the product structure, the divisional structure groups each organizational function into a division. Each division within a divisional structure contains all the necessary resources and functions within it. Each divisional unit is responsible for a product, geographical area, or customer base. Each division has its own functions such as Finance, Marketing and research and development, Divisions can be categorized from different points of view. There can be made a distinction on geographical basis (a US division and an EU division) or on product/service basis (different products for different customers: households or companies). Another example, an automobile company with a divisional structure might have one division for SUVs, another division for subcompact cars, and another division for sedans. Each division would have its own sales, engineering and marketing departments.

Why Do We Lose Hair Cultural Studies Essay

Why Do We Lose Hair Cultural Studies Essay On average people shed about 100 hairs a day. More than that can cause bold patches. Many men and women experiences hair loss at various stages in their lives. Hormonal changes, poor nutrition and scalp damage are few causes of the hair loss. Some reasons for hair loss are reversible and some are permanent. There are many treatments for hair loss. There are alternatives before turning to expensive hair transplant and medications. For those who are troubled by the problem of hair fall, there is a credible shampoo that can be used as an adjunct treatment for the purpose of stopping hair fall. Its known as the Progaine shampoo and has been especially formulated to be used with the much famous Rogaine hair fall control treatment. Progaine shampoo is designed for anyone suffering from hair loss and is using Rogaine to treat thinning hair. Progaine shampoo is designed for finer hair types , unlike most other products which can weigh the hair down. The specialist shampoo cleanses the scalp and removes environmental buildup for example chlorine and pollution) from the hair which are the main cause of hair loss. Penetrating right to the core from root to tip. The Progaine shampoo nourishing ingredients like wheat protein and keratin. Which are very good to cleans the scalp thoroughly and gently. Progaine shampoo can be used on thinner hair types with confidence unlike many other products, which will leave your hair bouncy and give them extra volume. It doesnt wilt them down like most other common shampoos. The finest ingredients are used to make the product. The shampoo is designed for both men and women and for all hair types. Upjohn the manufacturers of the shampoo do not claim that progaine alone will re grow hair. However it works well as a supplement to Rogaine and other topical hair loss treatments by getting your s calp clean and healthy for hair loss treatments to work. Rogaine and progaine treatments works most effectively on early stages of the hair loss but has had surprising effects even for those who have noticeable thinning. Many people who used Progaine shampoo said that along with Rogaine, the product really made a difference to their appearance and boosted their confidence. If you have hair loss or concern about thinning hair, choosing to add Rogaine and Progaine shampoo to your hair care regime could be life changing. The amazing product does not contain monoxidil. The unique formula of this product works in conjunction with Rogaine treatment to give the best chance possible for improved hair growth. People who combined the Rogaine treatment with progaine shampoo said they had noticeable results in as little as 4 to 6 weeks. The progaine shampoo is available in many selected stores and also online. What is conditioner and its benefits The term hair conditioner is vague. Hair conditioners fall into groups according to what you want to accomplish with your hair. People with thin hair need a specific kind of conditioner; people with thick, dry hair need another. A conditioner is something that will improve quality of another thing. For centuries oils have been used to condition human hair. These natural ingredients are still in use today, such as essential oils, jojoba oil. Modern hair conditioner was created at the turn of twentieth century when well known perfumer ED Pinaud presented a product he called brilliantine at the 1900 exposition universelle in paris. His product was meant to soften hair. Since the invention of Pinauds early product, modern science has advanced the hair conditioner industry. The best product now days are Progaine shampoo and conditioner. The product is best for its natural ingredients. Progaine shampoo and conditioner coats the cuticle of the hair itself so healthy, shiny and bouncy hair c an be obtained. There are six categories in conditioner. Moisturizers are concentrated with humectants. Humectants are compounds that attract and hold moisture into the hair. They may not contain botanicals or protein (they often do contain it). Reconstructors normally contain protein. Hydrolyzed human hair keratin protein is the best source because it contains 19 amino acids found in the hair. Human hair protein has a low molecular weight. This enables it to penetrate the hair shaft. The main purpose of a reconstructor is to strengthen the hair. Acidfiers the key word is acid. When a product carries pH of 2.5 to 3.5 it is normally termed as acidifier. The pH will compact the cuticle layer of the hair. The result is shiny, bouncy hair. Acidifiers do not weight the hair. They do create shine and add elasticity. Detanglers are acidifiers too. They close the cuticle of the hair, which cause tangles. Some shield the hair shaft with polymers (polymers are strings of molecules a chain). Thermal protectors safeguard the hair against heat. Using thermal protectors are one of the best things you can do to your hair if u blow dry, use curling irons, or hot rollers. They normally use heat absorbing polymers that distribute the heat. So your hair does not get heat damage. Glossers are cosmetic. Most glossers contain dimethicone or cyclomethicone (very light oils derived from silicone). Used in small amounts they reflect light. Also they are one of best products to control the frizzies. Hair loss can be devastating in its normal effects. People suffering from hair loss, lose confidence because of their appearance changes and feel unattractive. Premature hair loss can be blamed on a wide number of contributing factors. These incluse skin conditions, hormone levels, stress and poor health. There are number of treatments for hair loss and many products are developed to reduce the hair loss. One of the most popular products is progaine shampoo and conditioner. progaine shampoo and conditioner are aimed at people with thinning hair or premature hair loss who want to take good hair of their scalp. Progaine shampoo and conditioner do not contain minoxidil, and for this reason do not claim to make new growth of hair. Instead the philosophy behind it is a clean healthy scalp helps promote follicle rejuvenation providing an optimum environment for new hair growth. progaine shampoo and conditioner contain a range of ingredients which does help in nourishing the hair from inside and make the hair less likely to snap or break off all together. The vitamins in the product help in removing the environmental build up from scalp and cleans the hair very gently which results in stronger and long lasting hair. The proteins added to the product includes soy protein, wheat protein, keratin and jojoba seed oil. All these ingredients have been proven to have excellent effects of the appearance and quality if hair in shortest period of time. The products can be used and purchased together and separately. Progaine shampoo and conditioner is available online and in many selected stores and chemists. Volumizing products and its benefits Progaine volumizing shampoo is great for thin and fine hair.designed to cleanse and condition the hair. The product optomize and volumize your hair with progaine products. The ingrediants in the progaine volumizing shampoo are deionized water , sodium laureth sulfate , cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine , polyquaternium-11 , glycol stearate , hydrolyzed wheat protein, cocamide MEA , guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride , steardimonium hydroxypropyl hydrolyzed wheart prote , panteneol , fragrance , iodopropnyl butylcarbamate , DMDM hydantion , wheat amino acids , cinnamidopropyl trimonium chloride. The product is especilly formulated to gently clean and thicken fine or thinning hair. It helps fighting againts weigh down hair. Most shampoo contains silicone which make the hair feel softer. However this silicone can often make the hair feel thinner. In addition , silicone can coat the scalp and this stops treatments from reaching the roots of the hair. The unique formula penetrates each hair as it strengthens from the inside out, providing each strand more volume. This is important factor as some build up such as DHT , a hormone , have been shown to cause hair loss , and inhabit new growth. Midly formulated, progaine volumizing shampoo contains a whole host of nurishing ingrediants which are known as to aid strengthen and condition the hair. The experts explains that using using ingrediants such as in progaine volumizing shampoo help to give strength the hair by penetrating deep to the core. Vitamins help feed he hair , making it shine with health and vitality. It is also safe to use on colour treated hair. The shampoo is desinged for both men and women. The reviews for progaine volumizing shampoo from the users show that results are eye oppening and amazing. This is true texturing shampoo that will raise the cuticles and give each atrand of hair some real texture so they ll get a little air between them and fluff up on your head, this is the shampoo you are lookin for. The users who were unconvinced by the product claims were impressed right from the first use. And which shows excellent results achieved by the manufacturers of the product. Progaine volumizing shampoo use 100% natural ingredients and is therefore very safe to use on any type of hair. The product is available online and in many selected stores in very reasonable and compatible price. Styling products and their benefits Progaine volumizing foam is styling product. It is excellent product for anyone wants to add more volume to their hair. It contains mousse like formula and is creamy and rich and most important gives extra volume where it is needed. It gives you great hold which makes styling your hair as u wish.it is suitable for both wet and dry hair. The hair looks clean and natural when progaine volumizing foam is applied. The ingredients are specially formulated for the thinning hair, not weighing it down or making it look dull or dry. All the bad ingreadents which can damage the sclap or irrate it are excluded, and ingredients suuch as weight protein and amino acids help to build hair strength. The product brings end to uninspired hair even if youre suffering hair loss or thinning hair problems. Progaine volumizing foam is a moisture rich mousse that builds adds volume and body to wavy hair with rich botanicals and vitamins. The pure selected and natural ingredients keep the hair in their healthy form for longer period of time. Regular use of the product also prevents from future hair lose and dull hair. Reviews for the progaine volumizing foam are in general very positive. Most users say the product give them more flexibility with the hair styles they could try and worked very well as a part of progaine range of hair treatments. The product is available to purchase online or in many selected stores. The price is very reasonable and affordable. The progaine volumizing foam gives you the styling hold you desire. This airy foam creates volume and control the hair. Adding staying power to style .The ingredients in the progaine volumizing foam are deionized water, acrylates copolymer, methacryloyl ethyl betaine, acrylates copolymer, cocotrimonium methosulfate, PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil, PVP, dimethicone copolyol meadowfoamate, aminomethyl propanol, panthenyl hydroxypropyl steardimonium choloride, cocodimonium hydrolyzed hair keratin, panthenol, fragrance, DMDM hydantion, iodopropynyl butylcarbamate, hydrolyzed wheat protein, wheat amino acids, octyl mathoxycinnamate. Dandruff is another common problem in many peoples hair. Most people feel their head itchy; dont wear black because the dandruff shows. However it is not the same with new products in the market. Dandruff is one cosmetic inconvenience that can be overcome very easily with right treatment. There are many products available, so you could easily be able to overcome the problem. The dandruff may seem at first very easy to prevent with one of the anti dandruff shampoo, but the problem is actually much deeper than jus a flaky scalp. Some people think lack of cleanliness causes dandruff, but the truth is something else. Dandruff is a mild inflammation of the scalp causes flaking in the head. The flakes are visible most of the time its itchy or sore. Progaine shampoo 2 in 1 is treatment for hair with dandruff problems. Dandruff is most common problem. Dandruff responds very well to treatment but often reoccurs when the treatment is stopped. The old cells on the scalp are constantly renewing and the old ones are pushed to the surface. The main cause of dandruff is when the process of renewal speeds up twice the normal rate; hence the greater number of dead cells are shed. Dandruff is believed to be associated with an overgrowth of a fungus commonly found on the skin and scalp, called pityrosporum ovale. The reaction to the yeast causes the increased turnover and flaking, hence progaine shampoo 2 in 1 is the best treatment available. It stops the yeast reaction all together and also moisture the scalp to prevent dandruff problem all together. Dandruff scales usually occur as small, round, white patches on top of the head. It can occur anywhere in head. Dandruff is often known as dry scalp, but people with oily scalps tend to suffer the most. An oily scalp also supports the growth of P ovale. Dandruff is natural process, it cannot be eliminated. It can only be managed and controlled with progaine 2 in 1 shampoo. The cause of dandruff is usually due to the overworking of the sebaceous glands. These glands produce oil and help shed dead skin. In the case of a dandruff sufferer, the sebaceous glands are overactive, shedding more skin than usual. The condition gets better in summer and worse in winter but now with progaine 2 in 1 shampoo the condition can be better and under control whole year round. Progaine deep cleansing shampoo is in popular range. The shampoo is a mild formula of nutrients and vitamins, along with deep cleansing ingredients. It is especially aimed at resolving the problems like thinning hair, hair fall and deep cleansing. The scientist have spent many years in research to develop the product which will resolve people specific problems like to deal with hair which needs a more intense clean. Weak and thin hair can be weigh down by residues of other hair products, dirt, dust and pollution. Progaine deep cleansing shampoo lifts the unwanted build up of dust and dirt from the scalp which can have very negative effects on the growth of the hair leaves the hair very fresh feeling without stripping the hair natural protection. Progaine deep cleansing shampoo is gentle deep cleansing and nutrient to maximize healthy hair growth. All hair is prone to pollution progaine deep cleansing shampoo uses peppermint and rich nutrients, together creating a mildly astringent action to benefit the scalp. Progaine deep cleansing shampoo removes all the dirt and pollutants dulling down the hair style, refill hair with the moisture. Oily scalp is also bad for healthy hair therefore the shampoo removes excess oil from hair and scalp. It also prevents further damage to the hair. It uses all natural ingredients as all other progaine products. It contains no harmful or coating chemical preservatives. It also contain RNA and DNA. Progaine deep cleansing shampoo is the one to use when the sebaceous glands have produced more oil than is needed because of special all natural ingredients which help dry up the overactive glands. Daily shampoos are not harmful with progaine deep cleansing shampoo, but it would be advisable not to over stimulate the scalp by excessive rubbing, thus producing more oil. Progaine deep cleansing shampoo also penetrates damaged hair to strengthen and protect against additional damage. The shampoo works immediately, rinses cleanly and wont coat your hair. The result is shiny, soft full and manageable hair. It is also good for chemically treated hair. The PH balance is 4.5- 5.5 (the range of healthy hair and scalp) All the progaine products are available online and also in many stores around the country and worldwide. It is also available in many chemists all over the world. The prices are very compatible with all the similar range of products. There is website for the company that is www.progaineshampoo.org . The company welcomes the feedback from the customers. The website also explains how and where to buy progaine products.

Things Fall Apart :: essays research papers fc

In Chinua Achebe’s novel Things Fall Apart the life of a man named Okonkwo and the tribe of Umuofia is depicted in three chapters which each represent a significant era in the tribe. In the first chapter, Achebe describes the life of the native African tribe before the coming of the white man. This chapter enables the reader to understand and respect the life of the Igbo. The second chapter describes the beginnings of colonialism and introduction of the white man. Suddenly, the Igbo way is questioned. The natives lives are turned upside down as they search for a way to understand the new religion and laws of the Europeans. The third chapter describes the effect of colonialism on the Igbo tribe. This section explores the many ways which the Igbo people try to adapt to the new society. From the suicide of Okonkwo to the abandonment by other tribe members, it becomes apparent how difficult it was for the African’s to adjust to the change. Joseph Conrad’s Heart of D arkness tells of an English man named Marlow and his journey into the Congo and interest in a colonist named Kurtz. Marlow is the narrator of the novel. He describes the natives and the Europeans from a somewhat objective view. He finds colonialism questionable, but also cannot relate to the Africans. Kurtz is the antagonist who exploits the Africans to make money by selling ivory and subsequently goes insane. Both novels depict the colonization of Africa, but each has a markedly different perspective on the African’s lives which were irreparably altered when Europeans came to conquer their land and convert them to Christianity. Conrad’s descriptions of the Africans are inherently racist. The text is full of demeaning descriptions and negative thoughts about the blacks. â€Å"The thought of your remote kinship with this wild and passionate uproar. Ugly" (Conrad 32) Conrad refers to the natives as niggers and compares their looks to animals. â€Å"He was there below me, and, upon my word, to look at him was as edifying as seeing a dog in a parody of breeches and a feather hat, walking on his hind legs.† (Conrad 33) These passages and attitudes toward the natives promote the view of the natives during colonialism of Africa in the way that Achebe’s district commissioner sees it, â€Å"He had already chosen the title of the book, after much thought: The Pacification of the Primitive Tribes of the Lower Niger.

The Economic and Political Motives of the American Constitution vs. the

The Economic and Political Motives of the American Constitution vs. the Articles of Confederation Introduction The Constitution of the United States of America is often revered and thought of as the basis for all democracies around the world. However, when it is used as an example of the perfect democracy, the facts and history behind its creation are often left out. While it is a fascinating document, it is not the pinnacle of perfection that we often hold it up to be. It had a stumbling start, full of problems and arguments, instead of the immaculate conception that is often described. Its beginnings were much humbler, and they started with the Articles of Confederation. It is somewhat strange that the American people know so little of the fundamental nature of their system of government. Their acquaintance with it extends only to its outward form and rarely includes a knowledge of the political philosophy upon which it rests. The sources of information upon which the average man relies do not furnish the data for a correct understanding of the Constitution. (Smith, Allen, 1965: 30) What I propose to show is that the Constitution of the United States is not necessarily the best form of government for the United States, but that a reworking of the Articles of Confederation would have been sufficient. The motives I would like to call into question are those of the Framers of the Constitution, but also those of the Framers of the Articles of Confederation. The Articles of Confederation are often historically overlooked, but they play a major role in the creation of the Constitution. By examining the creation of the Articles of Confederation and its demise, I hope to shed some light on why the Constitution was created an... ...an Company, 1936. Bourgin, Frank. The Great Challenge: The Myth of Laissez-Faire in the Early Republic. New York: George Braziller, 1989. Campbell, R.H. and A.S. Skinner, eds. An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. Glasgow edition of the works and correspondence of Adam Smith. Indianapolis: Liberty Classics, 1981. Jensen, Merrill. Articles of Confederation: An Interpretation of the Social-Constitutional History of the American Revolution, 1774-1781. University of Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press, 1940. Kenyon, Cecelia. The Antifederalists. New York: Bobbs-Merrill Co. Inc., 1966. McDonald, Forrest. We the People: The Economic Origins of the Constitution. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1958. Smith, J. Allen. The Spirit of American Government. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1965.

Preventing Abortion

Abortion should be prevented Why deny someone a well-deserved life? Abortion is one of the topics that cause more victims in the world, the decision to make it legal or illegal is discussed in several countries and even religious entities. I feel abortion can be prevented because of all the resources that are available today. Depriving someone the chance to live will not fix the problems you have in life, actually it will appear fixed but guilt and consequences will always be part of your life. Having an abortion is mostly a women’s decision, but some circumstances force them to make these decisions.Having an abortion can have several consequences such as depression and stress. Family members involved can have mental instability. The act of abortion is almost always accompanied by suffering. Women who practice it experience emptiness, regret and even sadness. Consciously they may find an immediate solution and a relief for that moment. The most unfortunate consequence, dependi ng on the circumstances in which the abortion was done, may be putting their life in risk and also the risk of not being able to become pregnant again.Awareness is important when having unprotect sexual relations, not only because of undesired pregnancy, but also because of getting sexually transmitted diseases. Today resources are available to protect an undesired pregnancy, including information, medications, birth control and condoms, so this way, the only type of abortion performed are those that could not be prevented, such as rape victims, saving a mother’s life or when the unborn child would have a disease, mental or physical, that would allow them to not have a healthy life.Most discussions about abortion are because of the belief that life begins at conception; however this belief does not have support of medical science or religion traditional. Before Christians did not view abortion as a murder until the conception, which their belief was that a soul enter the body at 40 to 80 days after conception. But later they started to believe that life begins at conception.There are many different points of view about abortion, for example, men and woman will see it differently, education level, marital status, religion, political etc. As a partial solution to reduce abortions, even more resources should be provided to the population. Governments should work together with schools to provide even more healthy and sex information to teenagers so undesired pregnancies would be prevented, reducing the number of abortions and social problems.The Governments should also make more programs available such as school aids, healthy care, and cash assistance that gives women the incentive to keep their children and motivate them to provide as mothers. The government needs to keep finding more ways and resources to prevent unintended pregnancies. Class requirements should be implemented and rules should be loosened to allow teenagers to familiarize themselves with the consequences of unprotected and premarital intercourse.

Art Interpretation

An artist’s personal history can be a visual roadmap into their past, subconscious, and their personal reality. The purpose of this paper is to explore these idioms in the work of Gerard Ter Borch and its historical relevance to art. Gerard Ter Borch had an established rapport with his uncle Robert van Voerst, a relationship that enabled the artist to claim his niche as one of Europe’s leading court portraitists. Robert van Voerst’s ties with Charles I began Borch’s career and launched him into his fame and status.With royal backing it is no wonder that Borch kept much of his subject matter dealing with the rich and wealthy instead of the typical Dutch preclusion to the drab or mundane of human life. It is this significant turn of events that lead this discussion to Borch’s sophisticated representation of contemporary life (62). Such representations into modernity of Dutch life can be witnessed in Borch’s painting Curiosity (c. 1660). Since B orch’s family was so closely tied to an aristocratic lifestyle, it is no wonder that the artist’s work would reflect what he so intimately knew.Although the composition of the work is best seen through the use of rich fabrics (as is most of Borch’s work) what should be taken note of is his use of diagonals to illustrate the inner psychology of the characters in his work. The moment of a letter arriving has each woman in the painting ‘curious’ as to its contents, but this curiosity is best exemplified by the woman on the left leaning over the other young woman’s shoulder in order to gain a better view of the letter’s contents. This leaning of the young woman gives the painting an enigmatic feel that is not present in other of Borch’s work.A high profile woman that is a woman of so obvious a rich birth (as can be seen by her clothing) indulges in a dalliance of childish movement making the moment both entertaining and whimsical. T his whimsical nature is given further emphasis by the vast background surrounding the young ladies. That this one woman would allow herself the indulgence of something so trivial as a childish leaning forward among all that tradition and overbearing space (notice the columns in the background as well as the ornate fixture of the diagonally placed mirror) is what is so appealing about this piece of work.The reason for the letter writing with this trio of women is that Borch had a very close relationship with his half sisters, â€Å"[which] surely contributed to his affectionate sensitivity to how young women might behave on such an occasion† (76). With Borch’s obvious eye for the smallest detail a closer examination of the painting must be given, including symbolism for such objects. Of note in such objects is the watch key which precariously dangles over the edge of the table.The symbolism of such a state for a watch winding key could mean for the viewer to take specia l note of temperance which would make sense with Borch having been raised in the Eastern Netherlands and privy to that regions Protestant upbringing. Since the objects on the table are of such small stature, from the candlestick to the watch winding key to even the letter itself, the viewer may imagine that the symbolism of such objects do not have equal weight as the characters themselves; therefore, motive for the letter takes precedence over any idea of temperance.However, with Borch’s style leaning toward developing and understanding human behavior it may be worthwhile to ask Why did the artist choose to include a moral lesson in such small objects if not to make a point? Indeed, this curiosity of The Curiosity is the reason why the painting is known as a conversatiestuk or conversation piece. With such small detail making an impact on critiques and viewers alike what becomes predominately clear in studying Borch is that he continually uses small objects to emphasize his study of human behavior.Upon first looking at The Curiosity a viewer is not completely aware of all of the objects in the composition. The element of light is what makes these objects more noticeable; such as the winding key on the table’s ledge that gives off a golden hue and is further emphasized by the spaniel’s body language pointing to the key. If the element of light is to be discussed in The Curiosity then most notably the woman on the right shimmers with luminescence – her costume as well as her countenance.With such brilliance transposing the portrait it is a wonder that the woman stands at such a distance from the main action of the painting. This distance is only emphasized by Borch’s use of light on her. This leads the viewer to wonder the cause of the distance and to become enraptured by the back story of the moment of the painting and the relationship among these three women. Thus, by the use of light, Borch has made the viewer not only appr eciate a fine painting but to become engrossed in the psychology of the characters and their reasons for standing the way he has painted them.In this psychological history of the women, the viewer becomes aware of something else; a voyeuristic tone to the painting. The intimate moment of a woman opening a letter that may (by the stance of the women surrounding her) be from a lover or gentleman caller makes the viewer realize that the painter is a man, and that the interest of all of the women is of a man. Thus, the painter through these psychological stances becomes the object of the viewer’s scrutiny (76).Upon revisiting the painter as the background object of the painting, the viewer must once again re-examine the objects on the table and their significance to the painter’s life. The time piece once again must be examined not as an abstract composition of temperance but as a revelation to the viewer of the artist’s own timeframe. Time is often associated with death, thereby; the death of the painter’s uncle during this time is significant. It is the uncle who allowed him his introduction to Charles I and which thereby gained him his entrance into the art world.It seems that Borch is writing his own life history in the small objects on the table. The death of Borch’s mother Anna Bufkens would perhaps be also realistically attached to the significance to the time piece. The complex nature of the painting is revealed; the women gathering around the letter are anxious to find out the lover’s intentions but the objects on the table tell of lives and lovers past. Love quickly follows death for the viewers in Borch’s painting.With so much psychology behind the small objects involved in Borch’s painting The Curiosity it cannot be said that the painting is for mere visual enjoyment that is most definitely not a conversatiestuk –it is far more than just a simple conversation piece. Without the use of light , of lines, and of composition such nuisances of Borch’s style would be lost on the viewer. Thus, the importance of these artistic styles is what ultimately makes the painter so interesting to the art world. If Borch desired to make a moralizing message it would be to enjoy the love letters when they are coming and in time to allow for the moments of death.

Neural Tube Defects

Human birth defects, today, continues to be a highly investigated research. There remain many convoluted combination of genetic and environmental factors that can cause birth defects. While some conditions are easily repaired through surgery, neural tube defects (NTDs) present problems even after surgery. Many steps can be taken for the pregnant mother to prevent any chances of birth defects. There are two major ways of preventing NTD. First, a daily dose of folic acid is known to prevent NTD and other birth defects during pregnancy. Second, surgical in utero, or â€Å"in the uterus†, repair of NTD improves the chances of patient mortality (Finnel et. al, 2013). Despite of medical and technological advances, we know very little about how folic acid acts on NTDs. And as previously mentioned, even after surgical repair, the chances of a successful or normal birth are unknown. This research paper investigates the role of folic acid and its role in neural tube defects. We discuss recent research to find our answers. Overview of embryology and NTDs. Neural tube defects are often developed during early embryonic development. During embryogenesis, the defects arise when the flat sheet of cells that rolls up but does not close shut to form a hollow central nervous system. There are two common conditions: NTDs that are restricted to the cranial region are referred to as anencephaly. It is characterized by failure of the rostral (head) portion of the neural tube to close. This result in an absence of thee brain, skull, and scalp. Defects that occur along the audal, or tail end, of the neural tube are called spinal bifida. More commonly occurring than anencephaly, spinal bifida affects structures through which the minenges and the spinal cord protrude. When both the cranial and the caudal portions fail to close, this extremely rare and lethal NTD is called craniorachischisis (Aldoori et. al, 2008; Finnel et. al, 2013). Epidemiology Annually in the United States, there are approximately 3000 pregnancies affected by spinal bifida or anencephaly. This number can easily be reduced by half by a folic acid supplement. The highest rate occurs in Hispanic populations because they have low folic acid levels in their diet. The current prevalence of NTDs as a collective is approximately 1 in every 2000 births. Although the prevalence rates vary from country to country, it is clear that there are three aspects that control the development of such conditions: genetic, environmental, and nutrition. The most common and difficult to account for are the affects of environment and nutrition on the growing embryo, specifically diabetes, obesity, smoking, and alcohol consumption (CDC, 2011). The biology of NTDs The complex nature and the process of neural tube closure have temporarily halted our understanding of folic acid and its interactions during NTDs. As a collection of many autonomous and region-specific cells, many researchers suggest that along with the lengthening of the neural tissues, the epidermis also provides a guiding force to help fold and close the neural tube. This fusion links two neural folds into a sheet covering the outer portion hollow neural tube. Furthermore, the closing process of the neural tube occurs at multiple sites along the rostrocaudal axis, or head to tail axis, instead of progressing from one end to the other in a continuous motion (Finnel et. al, 2013). Another complication occurs when the cells that help close the neural tube differ regionally along the neural tube. This causes irreversible and incurable conditions like spinal bifida and anencephaly. What we know now is collectively from amphibians and chick embryos. These studies provide a deeper understanding of how an embryo morphs, the cells involved, and the mechanism through which the regional cells cause NTDs and other conditions (Finnel et. al, 2013). Folic acid and NTDs According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, it is recommended that a daily dose of 400 microgram of folic acid be prescribed to females at least one month planning for pregnancy. The question of how folic acid acts on the NTDs is still very unclear. However, the research conducted helps to clarify that some cellular activity may be involved. Research studies using mice suggest that this may start from the biosynthesis of DNA, RNA, and other structural proteins and lipids. â€Å"Therefore, deficits in folic acid metabolism could affect cell proliferation, cell survival, transcriptional regulation, or a host of other cellular reactions; defects in any of these processes could disrupt neural tube closure† (Finnel et. al, 2013). Mutations in mice were studied using genetics and environment. In these experiments, several mutations of mice were compared using various biomarkers. The genetic approach sought for alterations in the pathway of mutations when there was a deficiency of folic acid. The environmental study researched the responsiveness, of genes and its environment and the external environment (predominantly nutrition), to folic acid in hopes of surfacing mechanisms through which folic acid promotes neural tube closure (Finnel et. al, 2013). To summarize, there is a very poor understanding of how folic acid promotes neural tube closure and very little insight into distinctly clarifying the specific pathways that folic acid prevents the aforementioned NTDs, regardless of the three factors. The continuation of research using mice (because they have a very similar neural development as humans) provides hope to find the various â€Å"developmental processes and molecular pathways can be related in terms of folic acid responsiveness and to gain molecular insights into optimal interventions to prevent NTDs† (Finnel et. al, 2013). Nutrition and supplements As mention before, the recommended daily dose of folic acid is 400 micrograms (or 0. 4 milligrams). This can be easily achieved by eating breakfast cereals (serving sizes may vary), flour (breads and pastas), white rice, and cornmeal. It is also strongly recommended that women who are breastfeeding or are on birth control continue to take their daily dose of folic acid unless directed by their physician (Women’s Health, 2010). Many supplements today contain a blend of vitamins and minerals to help sustain the body and many have a 100 percent of the recommended daily dose, including folic acid. As one passes the child-bearing age, the dosage is maintained along with sufficient amount of vitamin B12 for overall good health (Women’s Health, 2010). NTDs are most common in women who don’t have adequate amounts of folic acid, including the Hispanic population and those without adequate medical aid. The mechanism through which folic acid reacts with the embryo is unclear. A deficit of folic acid, initially, results in spinal bifida and anencephaly and could cause other defects, including stillbirths. An excess of folic acid causes nerve damage to the parent, which could potentially translate to the embryo. Although much research has already been done, the animal studies provide a bright outlook to solving this dilemma.

Training Report on Wholesale Banking Operation in Axis Bank.

REPORT ON SUMMER TRAINING OF Submitted to KCL-IMT (PTU) In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of degree of MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Submitted by: Name of the student : KIRAN DOGRA Roll No: 1174251| Supervisor: Dr. SUKHMANI WARAICH Ass. prof. | DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT KCL-IMT JALANDHAR BATCH-2011-2013 DECLARATIONI, â€Å"KIRAN DOGRA†, hereby declare that the work presented herein is genuine work done originally by me and has not been published or submitted elsewhere for the requirement of a MBA program me. Any literature, data or works done by others and cited within this research project has been given due acknowledgement and listed in the reference section. _______________________ (Student's name ; Signature) PREFACE Someone has rightly said that practical experience is for  better and closer to the real world then mere theoretical exposure. The practical experience helps the students view the real world closely, which in turn widely nfluences their  perceptions and argument their understanding of the real situation. Report work constitutes the backbone of any management education program me. A management student has to do report work quite frequently during his entire span. The report work entitle â€Å"WHOLESALE BANKING OPERATION OF AXIS BANK† aims to analyze various services and products provided by AXIS and for this purpose TANDA city have been chosen. CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the project work of Ms. KIRAN DOGRA on WHOLESALE BANKING OPERATION with AXIS BANK has been compiled under my supervision and guidance. _________________________ (Faculty Name ; Signature) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I present this project report on â€Å"whole banking operations† IN AXISBANK LTD. , WARDHA with a sense of great pleasure and satisfaction. I undersign with pleasure take this opportunity to thank all those related directly or indirectly in preparation of this project report. I started working on this project under the invaluable guidance of Honorable Miss. Riddhi Deshpande mam for which I am very much thankful for her valued time given for the purpose. Without her co-operation our project work would have been difficult to complete.I express our sincere thanks to Mr. HITESH RAWAL, (Branch Manager) in Axis Bank Ltd. ,TANDA and staff in that organization. I am also thankful to Dr. INDERPREET SINGH sir [Director of our college] and Miss. sukhmani waraich [Project In charge] to allow us to carry out this project. I also thank all my friends who have more or less contributed to the preparation of this project report. I will be always indebted to them. INDEX S. No. | CHAPTERS| PAGE No. | 1. | CHAPTER – 1 (COMPANY PROFILE)| 8-22| 1. 1 | Introduction of axis bank| 8| 1. 2| History of axis bank| 9-13| 1. 3| Management of axis bank| 14-15| 1. | Definition of banking| 15| 1. 5| Meaning of banking| 15| 1. 6| Product of axis bank| 15-16| 1. 7| Customer services on banking operation| 16-17| 1. 8| Tradit ional banking activity | 17| 1. 9 | Accounting for bank account| 17-18| 1. 10| Economic function| 18-20| 1. 11| Types of investment ban| 20| 1. 12| Mortgage banking| 20-22| 1. 13| KYC (know your customer)| 22| 1. 14| Competitors | 22| | | | 2. | CHAPTER – 2| 23-26| | Need, Scope, Objectives, methodology and limitation of the study. | 23-26| | | | | | | 3. | Chapter – 3| 27-38| 3. 1| Project introduction| 27| 3. 2| Meaning of wholesale banking operation| 27-28| . 3| Concept | 28-34| 3. 4| Current account information| 34-35| 3. 4. 1| Channel one:(for successful business)| 34| 3. 4. 2| Builders and real estate| 35| 3. 5| Training in wholesale banking operation| 35-38| 3. 5. 1| Corporate| 35-36| 3. 5. 2| Small and medium enterprises| 36-37| 3. 5. 3| Government | 37-38| | | | 4. | Chapter – 4| 39-51| 4. 1| Data analysis| 39-51| | | | 5. | Chapter – 5| 52| 5. 1| Finding and suggestion| 52| 5. 2| Conclusion and recommendation| 52| | | | 6. | Chapter – 6| 53| | Bibliography| 54| | Appendices-Customer Feedback Form| 55-57| CHAPTER 1 1. COMPANY PROFILE 1. INTRODUCTION OF AXIS BANK Commercial banking services which includes merchant banking, direct finance infrastructure finance, venture capital fund, advisory, trusteeship, forex, treasury and other related financial services. Axis Bank Limited  is an Indian  financial services  firm that had begun operations in 1994, after the  Government of India  allowed new private banks to be established. The Bank was promoted jointly by the Administrator of the Specified Undertaking of the Unit Trust of India  (UTI),  Life Insurance Corporation of India  (LIC), General Insurance Corporation Ltd. , National Insurance Company Ltd.The New India Assurance Company,  The Oriental Insurance corporation  and  United India Insurance Company  UTI holds a special position in the Indian capital markets and has promoted many leading financial institutions in the country. As on the year ended 31 March, 2012, Axis Bank had an operating revenue of 13,437 crores and a net profit of 4242 crores. Axis Bank opened its registered office in Ahmedabad and corporate office in Mumbai in December 1993. The first branch was inaugurated in April 1994 in Ahmedabad by Dr. Manmohan Singh , then the honorable Finance Minister . 1. 2 HISTORY OF AXIS BANK 1993:The Bank was incorporated on 3rd December and Certificate of business on 14th December. The Bank transacts banking business of all description. UTI Bank Ltd. was promoted by Unit Trust of India, Life Insurance Corporation of India, General Insurance Corporation of India and its four subsidiaries. The bank was the first private sector bank to get a license under the new guidelines issued by the RBI. 1997: The Bank obtained license to act as Depository Participant with NSDL and applied for registration with SEBI to act as `Trustee to Debenture Holders'. Rupees 100 crores was contributed by UTI, the rest from LIC Rs 7. crores, GIC and its four subsidiaries Rs 1. 5 crores each. 1998: The Bank has 28 branches in urban and semi urban areas as on31st July. All the branches are fully computerized and networked through VSAT. ATM services are available in 27 branches. The Bank came out with a public issue of 1,50,00,000 No. of equity shares of Rs10 each at a premium of Rs 11 per share aggregating to Rs 31. 50crores and Offer for sale of 2,00,00,000 No. of equity shares for cash at a price of Rs 21 per share. Out of the public issue 2, 20,000 shares were reserved for allotment on preferential basis to employees of UTI Bank.Balance of 3, 47, 80,000 shares were offered to the public. The company offers ATM cards, using which account-holders can with draw money from any of the bank's ATMs across the country which is inter-connected by VSAT. UTI Bank has launched a new retail product with operational flexibility for its customers. UTI Bank will sign a co-brand agreement with the market, leader, Citibank NA for entering i nto the highly promising credit card business. UTI Bank promoted by India's pioneer mutual fund Unit Trust of India along with LIC, GIC and its four subsidiaries. 1999: UTI Bank and Citibank have launched an international co-branded Credit card.UTI Bank and Citibank have come together to launch an international co-branded credit card under the Master Card umbrella. UTI Bank Ltd has inaugurated an offsite ATM at Ashok Nagar here, taking the total number of its offsite ATMs. 2000: The Bank has announced the launch of Tele-Depository Services for Its depository clients. UTI Bank has launch of `I Connect', its Internet banking Product. UTI Bank has signed a memorandum of understanding with equitymaster. com for e-broking activities of the site. Infinity. com financial Securities Ltd. , an e-broking outfit is Typing up with UTI Bank for a banking interface.Geojit Securities Ltd, the first company to start online trading services, has signed a MoU with UTI Bank to enable investors to buys ell demat stocks through the company's website. India bulls have signed a memorandum of understanding with UTI Bank. UTI Bank has entered into an agreement with Stock Holding Corporation of India for providing loans against hares to SCHCIL's customers and funding investors in public and rights issues. ICRA has upgraded the rating UTI Bank's Rs 500 crores certificate of deposit programmed to A1+. UTI Bank has tied up with L&T Trade. com for providing customized online trading solution for brokers. 001: UTI Bank launched a private placement of non-convertible debentures to rise up to Rs 75 crores. UTI Bank has opened two offsite ATMs and one extension counter with an ATM in Mangalore, taking its total number of ATMs across the country to 355. UTI Bank has recorded 62 per cent rise in net profit for the quarter ended September 30, 2001, at Rs 30. 95 crores. For the second quarter ended September 30, 2000, the net profit was Rs 19. 08 crores. The total income of the bank during the quar ter was up 53 per cent at Rs 366. 25 crores. 2002: UTI Bank Ltd has informed BSE that Shri B R Barwale has resigned as a Director of the Bank w. . f. January 02, 2002. A C Shah, former chairman of Bank of Baroda, also retired from the bank’s board in the third quarter of last year. His place continues to be vacant. MD a modern took over as the director of the board after taking in there INS of UTI. B S Pandit has also joined the bank’s board subsequent to the retirement of K G Vassal. UTI Bank Ltd has informed that Shri Paul Fletcher has been appointed as an Additional Director Nominee of CDC Financial Service (Mauritius) Ltd of the Bank . And Shri Donald Peck has been appointed as an Additional Director (nominee of South Asia Regional Fund) of the Bank.UTI Bank Ltd has informed that on laying down the office of Chairman of LIC on being appointed as Chairman of SEBI, Shri G N Bajpai, Nominee Director of LIC has resigned as a Director of the Bank. 2003: UTI Bank Ltd has informed BSE that at the meeting of the Board of Directors of the company held on January 16, 2003, Shri R N Bharadwaj, Managing Director of LIC has been appointed as an Additional Director of the Bank with immediate effect. – UTI Bank, the private sector bank has opened a branch at Nellore. The bank’s Chairman and Managing Director, Dr P. J. Nayak, inaugurating the bank branch at GT Road on May 26.Speaking on the occasion, Dr Nayak said. This marks another step towards the extensive customer banking focus that we are providing across the country and reinforces our commitment to bring superior banking services, marked by convenience and closeness to customers. -UTI Bank Ltd. has informed the Exchange that at its meeting held on June 25, 2003 the BOD have decided the following: 1) To appoint Mr. A T Pannir Selvam, former CMD of Union Bank of India and Prof. Jayanth Varma of the Indian Institute of Management, Ahmadabad as additional directors of the Bank with immediate effect.Further, Mr. Pannir Selvam will be the nominee director of the Administrator of the specified undertaking of the Unit Trust of India (UTI-I) and Mr. Jayanth Varma will be an Independent Director. 2) To issue Non-Convertible Unsecured Redeemable Debentures up to Rs. 100 crores, in one or more tranches as the Bank's Tier – II capital. -UTI has been authorized to launch 16 ATM son the Western Railway Stations of Mumbai Division. -UTI filed suit against financial institutions IFCI Ltd in the debt recovery tribunal at Mumbai to recover Rs. 5cr in dues. -UTI bank made an entry to the Food Credit Programme; it has made an entry into the 59 cluster which includes private sector, public sector, old private sector and co-operative banks. -Shri Ajeet Prasad, Nominee of UTI has resigned as the director of the bank. -Banks Chairman and MD Dr. P. J. Nayak inaugurated a new branch at Nellore. -UTI bank allots shares under Employee Stock Option Scheme to its employees. -Unveils pre-p aid travel card ‘Visa Electron Travel Currency Card' -Allotment of 58923equity shares of Rs 10 each under ESOP. UTI Bank ties up with UK govt fund for contract farm in -Shri B S Pandit, nominee of the Administrator of the Specified Undertaking of the Unit Trust of India(UTI-I) has resigned as a director from the Bank w e f November 12,2003. -UTI Bank unveils new ATM in Sikkim. 2004: Comes out with Rs. 500 Unsecured Redeemable Non-Convertible Debenture Issue, issue fully subscribed -UTI Bank Ltd has informed that Shri Ajeet Prasad, Nominee of the Administrator of the Specified Undertaking of the Unit Trust of India (UTI – I) has been appointed as an Additional Director of the Bank w. e. f. January 20,2004. UTI Bank opens new branch in Udupi-UTI Bank, Geojit in pact for trading platform in Qatar -UTI Bank ties up with Shri ram Group Cos-Unveils premium payment facility through ATMs applicable to LIC UTI Bank customers –Metal junction (MJ)- the online trading and pr ocurement joint venture of Tata Steel and Steel Authority of India(SAIL)- has roped in UTI Bank to start off own equipment for Tata Steel. -DIEBOLD Systems Private Ltd, a wholly owned subsidiary of Diebold Incorporated, has secured a major contract for the supply of ATMs an services to UTI Bank -HSBC completes acquisition of 14. % stake in UTI Bank for . 6 m -UTI Bank installs ATM in Thiruvananthapuram –Launches Remittance Card' in association with Remit2India, a Web site offering money transfer services. 2005: * UTI Bank enters into a banc assurance partnership with Bajaj Allianz General for selling general insurance products through its branch network. * UTI Bank launches its first Satellite Retail Assets Centre (SRAC) in Karnataka at Mangalore. 2006: * UBL sets up branch in Jaipur. UTI Bank unveils priority banking lounge. * UTI Bank launches operations of UBL Sales, its Sales Subsidiary -Inaugurates its first office in Bangalore. * UTI Bank announces the launch of its Cre dit Card Business. * UTI Bank becomes the first Indian Bank to successfully issue Foreign Currency Hybrid Capital in the International Market. * UTI Bank Business Gold Debit Card MasterCard Launched – Designed for business related spending by SMEs and self employed professionals. 2007:AXIS Bank Ltd has informed that consequent upon handing over charge as Administrator of the Specified Undertaking of the Unit Trust of India (SUUTI), Shri. S B Mathur, the Nominee Director of SUUTI has resigned as a Director of the Bank December 06, 2007. * AXIS Bank Ltd has informed that Fitch Ratings on December 14, 2007, has upgraded the Bank's National Long-term rating to ‘AAA(ind)' from ‘AA+(ind)'. * AXIS Bank Ltd has appointed Shri K N Prithvi raj as an Additional Director on the Board at Directors of the Bank. * Company name has been changed from UTI Bank Ltd to Axis Bank Ltd. 008: * Axis Bank launches Platinum Credit Card, India's first EMV chip based card. * Axis Bank set up its branch at Ilanji at Meenakshi Nagar on the Coutralam-Madurai road on April 16. 2009: * Axis Bank today said its board has recommended the appointment of Shikha Sharma, currently chief of ICICI group's life insurance business, as its next managing director and CEO. * Axis Bank has set up a new branch at Perumbavoor. The bank has a network of 832 branches along with 8 extension counters and 3622 ATMs across the country. Axis Bank, on Wednesday entered into a strategic alliance with Motilal Oswal, the financial services firm, in order to facilitate the online trading for the bank's customers. * AXIS Bank Ltd has informed that the Board of Directors of the Bank at its meeting held on June 01, 2009, inducted Smt. Shikha Sharma as an Additional Director of the Bank. * Axis bank has received final clearance from the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) to begin its mutual fund operations and will launch debt and equity schemes soon whereas IDBI Bank is awaiting the regulator' s permit for an entry. Axis Bank opened the new branch at Irinjalakuda while it has a network of 892 branches, 8 extension counters and 3,806 ATMs across the country. 2010: Axis Bank Limited has informed that at the meeting of the Board of Directors held on January 15, 2010, the following decisions were taken: * To appoint Dr. Adarsh Kishore, former Finance Secretary, Government of India and former Executive Director, International Monetary Fund representing Bangladesh, Bhutan, India and Sri Lanka as the Non-Executive Chairman of the Bank, subject to RBI approval; * To appoint Shri S.B. Mathur, former Chairman, LIC and the National Stock Exchange of India, as an Additional Independent Director, with immediate effect. 1. 3 MANAGEMENT OF AXIS BANK ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE OF AXIS BANK PROMOTERS: Axis Bank Ltd. has been promoted by the largest and the best Financial Institution of the country, UTI. The Bank was set up with a capital of Rs. 115 crores, with UTI contributing Rs. 100 Crores , LIC – Rs. 7. 5 Crores and GIC and its four subsidiaries contributing Rs. . 5 Crores each SUUTI – Shareholding 27. 02%Erstwhile Unit Trust of India was setup as a body corporate under the UTI Act, 1963, with a view to encourage savings and investment. In December 2002, the UTI Act, 1963 was repealed with the passage of Unit Trust of India (Transfer of Undertaking and Repeal) Act, 2002 by the Parliament, paving the way for the bifurcation of UTI into 2 entities, UTI-I and UTI-II with effect from1st February 2003. In accordance with the Act, the Undertaking specified as UTI I has been transferred and ested in the Administrator of the Specified Undertaking of the Unit Trust of India (SUUTI), who manages assured return schemes along with 6. 75% US-64 Bonds,6. 60% ARS Bonds with a Unit Capital of over Rs. 14167. 59 crores. The Government of India has currently appointed Shri K. N. Prithviraj as the Administrator of the Specified undertaking of UTI, to look after and admini ster the schemes under UTI where Government has continuing obligations and commitments to the investors, which it will uphold. 1. 4 DEFINITIONS OF BANKINGA bank is a financial institution licensed by a government. Its primary activity is to lend money. Many other financial activities were allowed over time. For example banks are important players in financial markets and offer financial services such as investment funds. Banking can also be defined as engaging in the business of keeping money for savings and checking accounts or for exchange or for issuing loans and credit. Transacting business with a bank: Depositing or withdrawing funds or requesting a loan.Bank – a supply or stock held in reserve for future use (especially in emergencies) 1. 5 MEANING OF BANKING An organization, usually a corporation, chartered by a state or federal government, which does most or all of the following: receives demand deposits and time deposits, honors instruments drawn on them, and pays in terest on them; discounts notes, makes loans, and invests in securities; collects checks, drafts, and notes; certifies depositor's checks; and issues drafts and cashier's checks. 1. 6 PRODUCT OF AXIS BANK * Product of axis bank * Easy Access Saving Account Saving Account for Women * Prime Saving Account * Senior Citizens Saving Account * Priority Banking * Corporate Salary Account * Trust /NGOs Saving Account * Resident Foreign Currency Account * Online Trading Account * Current Account * Term Deposits * Locker Facilities * NRI Services * Depository Services * Financial Advisory Services * Wealth Management Services * Insurance Solutions – Life and General * Retail Loans * Credit Loans * Travel Currency Cards * Remittance Cards * Gift Cards 1. 7 CUSTOMER SERVICE IN BANKING OPERATION * Cheque Drop Box FacilityRBI's Committee on Procedures and Performance Audit on Public Services has recommended that both the drop box facility and the facility for acknowledgement of the cheques at the regular collection counters should be available to customers and no branch should refuse to give an acknowledgement if the customer tenders the cheques at the counters. * Issue of Cheque Books: The Committee has observed that some banks do not allow depositors to collect their cheque book at the branch but insist on dispatching the cheque book by courier to the depositor.Further, it is stated by the Committee that the deposit or is forced to sign a declaration that a dispatch by the courier is at the depositor's risk and consequence and that the depositor shall not hold the bank liable in any manner whatsoever in respect of such dispatch of cheque book. Committee has observed this as an unfair practice and advised banks to refrain from obtaining such undertakings from depositors. Banks should also ensure that cheque books are delivered over the counters on request to the depositors or his authorized representative. Statement of Accounts / Pass Books: The Committee has noted that banks invariably show the entries in depositor’s passbooks /statement of accounts as â€Å"By Clearing† or â€Å"By Cheque†. Further, in the case of Electronic Clearing System (ECS) and RBI Electronic Funds Transfer (RBIEFTR) banks invariably do not provide any details even though brief particulars of the remittance are provided to the receiving bank. In some cases computerized entries use sophisticated codes which just cannot be deciphered.With a view to avoiding inconvenience to depositors, banks are advised to avoid such inscrutable entries in passbooks statements of account and ensure that brief, intelligible particulars are invariably entered in passbooks / statements of account. Banks may also ensure that they adhere to the monthly periodicity prescribed by us while sending statement of accounts. 1. 8 TRADITIONAL BANKING ACTIVITIES Banks act as payment agents by conducting checking or current accounts for customers, paying cheques drawn by customers o n the bank, and collecting cheques deposited to customers' current accounts.Banks also enable customer payments via other payment methods such as telegraphic transfer, EFTPOS, and ATM. Banks borrow money by accepting funds deposited on current accounts, by accepting term deposits, and by issuing debt securities such as bank notes and bonds. Banks lend money by making advances to customers on current accounts, by making installment loans, and by investing in marketable debt securities and other forms of money lending. Banks provide almost all payment services, and a bank account is considered indispensable by most businesses, individuals and governments.Non-banks that provide payment services such as remittance companies are not normally considered an adequate substitute for having a bank account. Banks borrow most funds from households and non-financial businesses, and lend most funds to households and non-financial businesses, but non-bank lenders provide a significant and in many cases adequate substitute for bank loans, and money market funds, cash management trusts and other non-bank financial institutions in many cases provide an adequate substitute to banks. 1. 9 ACCOUNTING FOR BANK ACCOUNTBank statements are accounting records produced by banks under the various accounting standards of the world. Under GAAP and IFRS there are two kinds of accounts: debit and credit. Credit accounts are Revenue, Equity and Liabilities. Debit Accounts are Assets and Expenses. This means you credit a credit account to increase its balance, and you debit a debit account to increase its balance. This also means you debit your savings account every time you deposit money into it (and the account is normally in deficit), while you credit your credit card account every time you spend money from it (and the account is normally in credit).However, if you read your bank statement, it will say the opposite—that you credit your account when you deposit money, and you debit it when you withdraw funds. If you have cash in your account, you have a positive (or credit) balance; if you are overdrawn, you have a negative (or deficit) balance. There a son for this is that the bank, and not you, has produced the bank statement. Your savings might be your assets, but the bank's liability, so they are credit accounts (which should have a positive balance).Conversely, your loans are your liabilities but the bank's assets, so they are debit accounts (which should have a also have a positive balance). Where bank transactions, balances, credits and debits are discussed below, they are done so from the viewpoint of the accountholder—which is traditionally what most people are used to seeing. 1. 10 ECONIMIC FUNCTION * Issue of money: In the form of bank note sand current accounts subject to cheque or payment at the customer's order. These claim son banks can act as money because they are negotiable and/or repayable on demand, and hence valued at par.They are eff ectively transferable by mere delivery, in the case of banknotes, or by drawing a cheque that the payee may bank or cash. * Netting and settlement of payments: Banks act as both collection and paying agents for customers, participating in interbank clearing and settlement systems to collect, present, be presented with, and pay payment instruments. This enables banks to economies on reserves held for settlement of payments, since inward and outward payments offset each other. It also enables the offsetting of payment flows between geographical areas, reducing the cost of settlement between them. * Credit intermediation:Banks borrow and lend back-to-back on their own account as middle men. * Credit quality improvement: Banks lend money to ordinary commercial and personal borrowers (ordinary credit quality), but are high quality borrowers. The improvement comes from diversification of the bank's assets and capital which provides a buffer to absorb losses without defaulting on its oblig ations. However, banknotes and deposits are generally unsecured; if the bank gets into difficulty and pledges assets as security, to raise the funding it needs to continue to operate, this puts the note holders and depositors in an economically subordinated position. Maturity Transformation: Banks borrow more on demand debt and short term debt, but provide more long term loans. In other words, they borrow short and lend long. With a stronger credit quality than most other borrowers, banks can do this by aggregating issues (e. g. accepting deposits and issuing banknotes) and redemptions (e. g. withdrawals and redemptions of banknotes), maintaining reserves of cash, investing in marketable securities that can be readily converted to cash if needed, and raising replacement funding as needed from various sources (e. g. wholesale cash markets and securities markets). Banking channels: Banks offer many different channels to access their banking and other services: * A branch, banking cent re or financial centre is a retail location where a bank or financial institution offers a wide array of face-to-face service to its customers. * ATM is a computerized telecommunications device that provides a financial institution's customers a method of financial transactions in a public space without the need for a human clerk or bank teller. Most banks now have more ATMs than branches, and ATMs are providing a wider range of services to a wider range of users.For example in Hong Kong, most ATMs enable anyone to deposit cash to any customer of the bank's account by feeding in the notes and entering the account number to be credited. Also, most ATMs enable card holders from other banks to get their account balance and withdraw cash, even if the card is issued by a foreign bank. * Mail is part of the postal system which itself is a system where in written documents typically enclosed in envelopes, and also small packages containing other matter, are delivered to destinations around the world. This can be used to deposit cheques and to send orders to the bank to pay money to third parties.Banks also normally use mail to deliver periodic account statements to customers. * Telephone banking is a service provided by a financial institution which allows its customers to perform transactions over the telephone. This normally includes bill payments for bills from major billers (e. g. for electricity). * Online banking is a term used for performing transactions, payments etc. over the Internet through a bank, credit union or building society's secure website. * Mobile banking is a method of using one's mobile phone to conduct simple banking transactions by remotely linking into a banking network. Video banking is a term used for performing banking transactions or professional banking consultations via a remote video and audio connection. Video banking can be performed via purpose built banking transaction machines (similar to an Automated teller machine), or via a vi deoconference enabled bank branch. 1. 11 TYPES OF INVESTMENT BANKS * Investment banks â€Å"underwrite† (guarantee the sale of) stock and bond issues, trade for their own accounts, make markets, and advise corporations on capital market activities such as mergers and acquisitions. * Merchant banks were traditionally banks which engaged in trade finance.The modern definition, however, refers to banks which provide capital to firms in the form of shares rather than loans. Unlike venture capital firms, they tend not to invest in new companies. 1. 12 MORTGAGE BANKING Mortgage banking deals primarily with originating mortgage loans and servicing them. Read more about it here as well as about what a career in mortgage banking involves. Mortgage banking is meant for a single purpose, to service the real estate finance industry. Mortgage banking deals specifically with originating mortgage loans as well as servicing them.Mortgage banks are state-licensed entities from which consumers can get mortgage loans directly. Usually, mortgage banks avail funds from the Federal National Mortgage Association, or FNMA, also known as Fannie Mae, the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, or FHLMC, also known as Freddie Mac, or any other large companies that service mortgages, which are related to the secondary mortgage market. Here are a few pointers about the nitty-gritty of mortgage banking. * Mortgage Banks Specialize in Mortgage Loans: Unlike a savings bank that is federally chartered, in general mortgage banks specialize in only providing mortgage loans.Hence, customers do not deposit their money in these banks. As has been mentioned above, the secondary wholesale market is their primary source of funds. Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae are examples of the lenders in the secondary market. * Mortgage Banks Differ in Size: While some mortgage banks can be nationwide, others can originate a volume of loan that can exceed that of a commercial bank that is nationwide. Many of th ese mortgage banks utilize specialty servicers like Real Time Resolutions to carry out tasks like fraud detection work and repurchase. Mortgage Banks have Two Sources of Revenue: The two main sources of income are from loan servicing fees (if they are into loansevicing0, and fees from loan origination. Mortgage bankers, by and large, are choosing not to service the loans they have originated. That is because they are entitled to earn a service-released premium by selling them soon after the mortgage loans are closed and funded. The investor in the secondary market that purchases the loan has the ability of earning revenue for providing servicing of the loan every month the borrower keeps the loan. Different Banking Laws Apply to Mortgage Banks: Mortgage banks usually operate under banking laws that are quite different, according to the state they operate in. You will need to check each individual state’s financial department or state banking in order to get list of mortgage b ankers in each state. While federal laws apply to the operation of a federal bank, in terms of consumer protection, usually consumers have additional rights, which are applicable according to each state. * Mortgage Bankers can be More Competitive:Since they only specialize in lending and do not have to subsidize any of the losses that other departments may have incurred, as in regular banking, mortgage bankers have the ability of being really competitive when lending for mortgage. However, they usually do not have the advantage of accessing adjustable rate mortgages that are low cost, which federal banks are typically associated with, and federal money access. * A Career in Mortgage Banking: Professionals in mortgage banking in the job market today need to have a college degree in business or finance, or some specific experience or training related to the field.Skills in good customer service, an inherent ability with numbers, and computer skills are also essential requirements for mortgage banking jobs. A mortgage banking professional’s job involves reviewing credit scores, determining the kind of loan that is most beneficial for the customer and guiding them through the process of application as well as closing. The loan officer has to be very organized and detail oriented, and need to be able to handle the large amounts of paperwork and reporting that are required for getting loans approved, up to the closing.A mortgage banking professional also has to have thorough know-how about the regulations associated with federal mortgage as well as the various types. 1. 13 KYC (KNOW YOUR CUSTOMER) As per KYC guideline the RBI has advised banks to follow KYC guidelines of RBI mandates banks to collect three proofs from their customers they are1 Photograph2 Proof of Identity3 Proof of address Accordingly, Axis bank has framed its KYC procedure according to which, a photograph and documentary proof of personal identification and address proof are required t be p rovided.The account Opening form provides the nature of documents required / procedure to be followed for opening a new account. You may also log in to our websitewww. axisbank. com for such information which is displayed product-wise. 1. 14 COMPETITORS 1. ICICI Bank Ltd. 2. HDFC Bank Ltd. 3. State Bank of India 4. HSBC Bank 5. RBS (Royal Bank of Scotland) 6. Maharashtra Bank of India 7. Canara Bank 8. Andhra Bank 9. IDBI bank 10. Bank of India 11. Punjab National Bank 12. Central Bank 13. Allahabad Bank 14.ING Vysya 15. Centurion Bank CHAPTER 2 2. NEED, SCOPE, OBJECTIVE, METHODOLOGY AND LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY 2. 1 NEED OF RESEARCH The research is significant for me and the bank thus significant as follow to the trainee as follow: – * To the trainee †¢The research has provided the trainee practical knowledge regarding the organization working, survey and other aspect of marketing. †¢This research is also essential for me in fulfillment of MBA curriculum. * To the bank Research would help the bank to get the lead of potential customer and current satisfaction level among existing relationship companies †¢To study the opportunity of cross sailing of other product and services †¢The suggestion provide the researcher will be helpful to improvement of class and quality of service to new and current customers and also help to enhance the activities * To the customer †¢The research will become a medium to convey the dissatisfaction factor to the appropriate person in the management 2. 2 SCOPE OF RESEARCHThe research was conducted for AXIS bank limited in Hoshiarpur City. The research was conducted in operational and marketing aspect of the bank products and survey. The research collected to detail information by personal interview and data collection sheet. 2. 3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY This study has been conducted with a variety of important objectives in mind. The following provides us with the  objectives that have tried to achi eve through the study. The extent to which these objectives have been met could judge from the conclusions and suggestions, which appear in the later of this study. The main objective of the study is to know about the potential of the market regarding people’s dealing in financial services. †¢ To know the role of all financial services. †¢ To know where people have already opened their Account and on what basis. 2. 4 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research is an art of scientific investigation. In other word research is a scientific and systematic search for pertinent information on specific topic. The logic behind taking research methodology into consideration is that one can have knowledge about the method and procedure adopted for achievement of objectives of the project.With the adoption of  this others can evaluate the results also. Its main aim is to keep the researchers on the right track. The methodology adopted for studying the objectives was surveying the saving a ccount holders of District HOSHIARPUR. So keeping in view the nature of requirements of the study to collect all the relevant information regarding the comparison of saving account of Centurion Bank of Punjab with other  banks direct personal interview method with structured questionnaire was adopted for the collection of primary data. Secondary data has been collected through the various magazines and newspaper a nd by surfing on internet.And the guide in the organization was consulted at many times. 2. 5 SELECTION OF THE SAMPLE It becomes impossible to contact each and every individual of the population due to limitations of essential resources like time and money. Therefore, the study is preferably allowed down to a representation sample to make the study more manageable. Keeping in view the objectives and resource limitation of the study, 100 respondents were considered. Respondents – 100 The selected sample is representative of the population and is accurate and practi cable. 2. 6 SAMPLING TECHNIQUETo study the Project, a Simple Random Sampling technique is used. 2. 7 SAMPLING PLAN The following factors will be taken into consideration within scope of sampling plan. 1 Sampling unit: It defines the target population that will be sampled i. e. it answers who is to be surveyed. In this study, the sampling unit is customers using internet banking. 1 Sampling size: It indicates the numbers of people to be surveyed. Though large samples give more reliable results than small sample but due to constraints of time and money, the sample size was restricted to 50 respondents. 2. 8 COLLECTION OF DATAAfter the research problem has been defined and the research design has been chalked out, the task of data collection begins. The data can be collected mainly through primary sources, but it was supplement with secondary data. * Primary data collection: Primary data is the data which is collected through observation or direct communication with the respondents in one form or another. These are several methods for primary data collection like Observation Method, Interview Method, through schedules, through questionnaires and so on. * Secondary data collection methods: Secondary data is collected through Internet. Internet We also take into consideration the internet facility with which we  collect lot  of  latest information. * Journal and publications of different banks We also take into consideration the journals and publications issued by the bank  at different times. We  comes to know about the Branches, ATM, locations and other useful information. 2. 9 LIMITATION OF RESEARCH Every research has its own constraints which keep limitation to work similarly this research has also limitation due to which the researcher could not get detailed information regarding project. These are: – Though full efforts have been made but due to the lack of past experience in the marketing field I failed some areas have been left from includi ng in the study †¢ Due to the limitation of time I was unable to cover more sample (data collection sheet) and to fridge the lead granted. CHAPTER 3 PROJECT INTRODUCTION 3. 1 PROJECT INTRODUCTION As a part of curriculum the students of MBA have to undergo Summer Internship Program (SIP). Wherein a student gets the knowledge about practical life, how the work is done in companies, how to get acquainted with working conditions and other many such things, etc. he main aim behind this program is that students get some experience with which he could get assistance while searching the job. This program is generally provided by a company and it lasts for at least two months. Students as per their specializations could apply for SIP and get the opportunity to work in a company, which the college suggests. As a management student I also have to undergo SIP. I got the opportunity to complete this program in AXIS BANK LTD. , for two months. Axis bank is one of the leading BANKS in banking sector in India. First of the two months was devoted to training.Our training started with the session of information about bank product and sale sand – what is the meaning of the concepts, importance of sales and marketing was taught. The second part was about open an account-why we open an account in bank, about the banking sector- as avenue for investment, how banking sector is Better Avenue for investment. The next session was about detailed knowledge about banking sector-how to sell these products in market. The last session was about the practical knowledge about how to get appointment of customers and how to convince them to take the product.In the second month we have sell the products directly in the market, procedure of selling the products etc. 3. 2 MEANING OF WHOLESALE BANKING OPERATIONS The Wholesale Banking contains products sold to large and middle market commercial companies, as well as to consumers on a whole sale basis. This includes lending, treasury manag ement, mutual funds, asset-based lending, commercial real estate, corporate and institutional trust services, and investment banking through Wells Fargo Securities. The company also owns Baring ton Associates, a middle market investment bank.Wells Fargo historically has avoided large corporate loans as stand-alone products, instead requiring that borrowers purchase other products along with loans which the bank sees as a loss leader. One area that is very profitable to Wells, however, is asset-based lending: lending to large companies using assets as collateral that are not normally used in other loans. This can be compared to subprime lending, but on a corporate level. The main brand name for this activity is â€Å"Wells Fargo Foothill,† and is regularly marketed into mb stone ads in the Wall Street Journal.Wells Fargo also owns East dil Secured, which is described as a â€Å"real estate investment bank† but is essentially one of the largest commercial real estate bro kers for very large transactions (such as the purchase and sale of large Class-A office buildings in central business districts throughout the United States). The wholesale banking operations consist of the following transactions: 1. Opening of Account 2. Issue of Check book 3. International Debit / Credit Card 4. Issue of Demand Draft (DD) 5. Net banking 6. E-mail statement 7. Phone banking 8. Insta Query 9. Insta Alert 10. Bill pay 11. Passbook 12.Quarterly Account Statement 13. Loan Facility. 3. 3 CONCEPT 3. 3. 1 SAVING ACCOUNT INFORMATION Definition: A deposit account at a bank or savings and loan which pays interest, but cannot be withdrawn by check writing. Types of Saving Account In Axis Banking 1. Zero Balance Savings Account At Axis Bank it has been constant endeavor to create products specifically catering to your needs. The account while offering a whole range of services also addresses your latent need of having an account without the hassle of maintaining an average qua rterly balance. Features: – 1. No Average Quarterly Balance requirement 2.Free International Debit Card with an Accidental Insurance cover up to Rs 2 lakhs* (charges for the primary holder are waived). 3. Free mobile banking facility 4. Access through more than 825 branches and more than 3595 ATMs 5. At-Par cheque facility with the clearing limit of Rs 50,000 6. 24Ãâ€"7 Tele banking & Internet banking. 7. Free quarterly statements8. Free monthly e-statement Conditions Apply:- 1. Initial funding of Rs. 5,500. 2. Account maintenance fee of Rs. 500 per annum 2. Krishi Savings Account (Kheti Ho Khushahali ki) Axis Bank offers a unique savings account which is easy to operate and allows you to transact immediately.This product has been specially designed keeping in mind the unique requirements of a farmer and true to its nature has been called the Krishi Savings Account. Some of the features of our new product are: Average Balance Requirement : This account is offered with the re quirement of maintaining the half-yearly average balance of Rs 1000only. International Master Debit Card: The Krishi Savings Account entitles you to an International Master Debit Card with which you can access your account anytime through the Axis Bank ATM network free of cost. This card comes with a cash withdrawal limit of Rs 25,000 per day.Free Accident Insurance cover of Rs 2 lacks. Anywhere Banking: Being a Krishi account holder, you are entitled to access our wide network of more than 825 branches and 3595 ATMs across 440 cities. You can now easily carry out your transactions through any of the branches or ATMs. At Par Cheque Book: Your Krishi Savings Account comes with the At-Par Cheque facility. This facility enables you to en cash the cheques as local instruments at any of the 440 centers where the Bank has its presence, at no extra cost. Moreover, you can also issue cheques at other centers upto the limit of Rs 50,000. Easy Access Savings Account (Banking made easy) * A â €“ Accessibility * C – Convenience * C – Comfort * E – Earnings * S – Speed * S – Service Want a savings account that transcends geographical boundaries? Presenting, Axis Bank's Easy Access Savings Account. The account is an endeavor by the Bank to understand the consumers' needs and redefine banking to suit your requirements for a truly comfortable banking experience. Easy Access Savings Account gives you instant access to your money anywhere, anytime. Possessing a range of unmatched features, it has been devised to better suit the convenience of our eclectic client base.You can avail of all these services with a minimum quarterly average balance of Rs. 5,000 in metro or urban centers, Rs. 2,500 in semi urban centers and Rs. 1,000in rural centers. †¢At-par cheque †¢ATM Network †¢Anywhere Banking †¢ Tele banking †¢ i Connect †¢Mobile Banking †¢Quarterly account statement †¢Quarterly interest @ 3. 5 % per annum †¢Free monthly e-statement. You can avail of all these services with a minimum quarterly average balance of Rs. 5,000 in metro or urban centers, Rs. 2,500 in semi urban centers and Rs. 1,000 in rural centers. Corporate Salary Account:Our Corporate Salary Power Offering is designed to offer pay roll solutions through in a 24 X 7 environment. We leverage on our extensive network of distribution channels spread across 450 centers through a network of more than 827 branches and 3595 ATMs besides our superior service delivery model and product features, as a strong differentiator, to provide value to the end user. Benefit to Employers: †¢Efficient salary disbursal. Web Upload – Transfer salaries/reimbursements directly from your current account with Axis Bank to your employee's accounts using I Connect from your office. Single-instruction salary credit – Same day salary credits for all companies having Corporate Account with Axis Bank. Dedicated relationship manager at metro locations to understand the financial requirements of your employees. Benefit to Employees: †¢No minimum balance criteria. †¢Unparalleled Access – Anywhere banking facility through our network of Branches, ATM and Internet banking facility. †¢AT Par cheque books payable locally at all Axis Bank locations. †¢International Debit cum ATM cards with enhanced Cash withdrawal facility and other value add ones. Online Banking with funds transfer, online shopping and bill payment options. †¢Depository services with free online trading accounts. †¢Meal Cards on a master card platform. †¢Employee Reimbursement accounts as a savings account variant. Preferential pricing on loan products and credit cards and other banking products ; services. 3. Prime Savings Account: Want a customized savings account to suit your specific financial requirements? At Axis Bank, we have always strived to pace our products with the growing needs of our cu stomers.The Prime Savings account has therefore been created with your specific financial requirements in mind. Through the ‘At Par' cheque facility, you have the unique advantage to en cash your cheques as a local cheque at more than 330 centers where the bank has a presence at no extra cost. In addition the account enables you to issue cheques up to Rs. 1 lakhs, which will be treated as ‘At Par' across these locations. You can avail of all these services with a minimum average balance of Rs 25,000 in metro/urban/semi-urban centers and Rs 10,000 in rural centers. 4.Smart Privilege Account: (For the woman of today) In today's busy world it's tough being a working woman. Right from shuttling between a job and family to taking care of her finances she has to be on her toes all the time. Keeping this in mind, we at Axis Bank have designed a savings account best suited for the woman of today. With the Smart Privilege Account, you can manage your money and your life and as we ll as enjoy a host of lifestyle privileges. Furthermore Axis Bank's Smart Privilege Account ensures that you have enough time for all the important things in life. Senior Privilege: (Because life begins at sixty) Are you seeking a banking style that compliments your senior status? Axis Bank's Senior Citizen Savings Account has been designed keeping in mind the fact that a senior citizen's banking requirements are wholly different and require special consideration. * Special Privilege: (A Privilege assures the care you deserve): We have introduced Senior Citizen ID card for our Senior Privilege patrons. Let us briefly introduce the wide range of advantages it hold for you. * Avail of Great benefits with Senior Citizen ID cardID card acts as an age proof. Enabling you to redeem every advantage that you are eligible for, this card will soon help you avail of certain never-before Senior-citizen benefits at various stores, service providers and installation across the nation. * Feel safe Every where Apart from provide you with the power to claim great benefits, card also act as emergency information medium. In case of emergencies, it provides the doctors and authorities with vital data like your blood group, allergies, illnesses, address and emergency contact details.This ensures that you are well looked after in any situation, no matter where you are. * Always a Privilege It will help in strengthen the bond with us and to be of assistance to you at all the times, no matter what your need be. Whether its loan, a savings account or any financial services that you wish to avail of, we will make sure that we're always be there by your side. * Power Salute (Salute to the defense forces) Are you looking for an account that fits with your life in the Defence Forces? Defense Salary Account from Axis Bank is a product designed keeping in mind how tough a life in the Defense Forces is.Not only does it come to you absolutely free, no minimum balance is required either. You c an also access the entire Axis Bank network, including more than 2300 ATMs and 550 branch offices (and growing) no matter where you are posted. With the complete gamut of banking services (including overdrafts, loans and zero-balance requirements) you can now rest assured about your family and all their financial needs. It sour way of showing our appreciation to your work. * Banking Privileges: At-par Cheque Facility * Your job involves constant transfers across the country.With the at-par cheque facility it will no longer be necessary to set up new bank accounts with each transfer. * Additional Debit Card * Along with a free International Debit Card, you also get a free card for the joint account holder. This means that your child or spouse also enjoy the same benefits of banking with Axis Bank. * Financial Advisory Services * Our solutions answer to the twin goals of meeting your requirements and to diversify and spread the risk of your investment portfolio, so you can look forwar d to a comfortable and worry-free life.We first understand your exact investment needs and then design the perfect investment plan for you. 5. Trust/NGO Savings Account: Thoughtful banking for people who spend their lives thinking of others Need special banking for special causes? Axis Banks Trust Account is an effort to offer thoughtful banking for people who spend their lives thinking of others. It is a complete banking solution for Trusts, Associations, Societies, Government Bodies, Section 25 companies and NGOs, so that the organizations can devote all of their time to their noble motivations. Features:- A savings account for your trust with a concessional average quarterly Balance a multi-city at-par cheque facility with no limit on clearing payments at centers across the country wherever we are present. Free anywhere banking across all our Branches and Extension Counters and over all our ATMs. Free Demand Drafts or Pay Orders as and when required by you to remit funds. Free co llection of cheques at outstations locations free monthly e-statement Monthly Statement of Account delivered at your doorstep.Facility for collecting donations in your account through our network of Branches and extension counters across the country, as well as through I Connect – our Internet Banking facility. Also, Axis Bank can offer the facility to donate funds to your Trust through our Internet Banking facility I Connect to its customers. An Axis Bank customer can donate any amount to your Trust through the Internet. In such cases, the savings account of the customer gets debited and the savings account of your Trust gets credited with the amount of donation at the same time.At the end of every month, the Bank will provide an MIS giving details of the amount of donations and the name of donor. This will enable the Trust to issue receipts to the donors. Free Internet Banking facility that enables you to view the status of your account, transfer funds and carry out a numbe r of banking activities from the comfort of your home or office. * Investment Advice * Our Financial Advisory Desk will provide portfolio management advice as well as help you undertake investments. * Free Demat To facilitate your investments, we offer a free Demat Account (charges due to NSDL must still be levied) to our esteemed account holders in the Trust or Society segment. * Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Act [FCRA] accounts * The FCRA account enables approved organizations to receive foreign contributions for utilization in their activities in India. The Bank will provide assistance in the process of documentation and obtaining necessary approvals from Ministry of Home Affairs at New Delhi. 3. 4 CURRENT ACCOUNT INFORMATION 3. 4. 1 CHANNEL ONE: (FOR SUCCESSFUL BUSINESSES)The ‘Channel One’ Current Account is an effort in that direction where we take care of your day to day banking requirements leaving you with more time for your business. Channel One Current Acc ount is most appropriate choice of successful businesses. At a monthly Average Balance (MAB ) of Rs. 10 lack. FEATURES: 1. Relationship Manager. 2. Doorstep Banking. 3. Anywhere Banking. 4. Free Internet Banking. 5. Free 24 hour Tele banking. 6. Mobile Banking Service. 7. International debit card. 8. Cheque Protection Facility. 9. Free 24 – hour cheque deposited facility. 10. Payment of Government Taxes/ Dues. 11. Foreign exchange services. . 4. 2 BUILDERS AND REAL ESTATE: Axis Bank understands the increasing demands on businesses in this segment . Here’s presenting the Axis Bank Builder ; Real Estate Current Account a current account with unparalleled product features built to suit Builders ; Realtors exclusively. This account offers you unmatched convenience while adding financial value to your businesses spread over geographies. . At a monthly Average Balance (MAB) of Rs. 5 Lacks this account comes loaded with special facilities and benefits, most appropriate for yo ur business. FEATURES: 1. Home Branch Cash Deposit. 2. Non – Home Branch Cash Withdrawal. . Free Anywhere Banking. 4. Cluster facility. 5. Zero Balance account for Vendors and Suppliers. 6. Franking Facility. 7. Customer cheque printing. 8. Internet Banking. 9. Free 24-hour Phone banking. 10. Mobile Alerts. 11. ATM cum Debit Card. 12. Free Monthly Account Statement. 3. 5 TRAINING IN WHOLESALE BANKING OPERATION 3. 5. 1 CORPORATES Corporate Banking reflects Axis Bank's strengths in providing our corporate clients in India, a wide array of commercial, transactional and electronic banking products. We achieve this through innovative product development and a well-integrated approach to relationship management. Funded Services: Working Capital Finance, Bill Discounting, Export Credit, Short Term Finance, Structured Finance, Term Lending. * Non Funded Services: Letter of Credit, Collection of Documents, Bank Guarantees. * Value Added Services: Syndication Services, Real Time Gross Settlement, Cash Management Services, Corporate Salary Accounts, Reimbursement Account, Bankers to Right/Public Issue, Forex Desk, Money Market Desk, Derivatives Desk, Employees Trusts, Cash Surplus Corporate, Tax Collection * Internet Banking: Supply Chain Management, Corporate Internet Banking, Payment Gateway Services. 3. . 2 SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES: At Axis Bank we understand how much of hard work goes into establishing a successful SME. We also understand that your business is anything but â€Å"small† and as demanding as ever. And as your business expands and enters new territories and markets, you need to keep pace with the growing requests that come in, which may lead to purchasing new, or updating existing plant and equipment, or employing new staff to cope with the demand. That's why we at Axis Bank have assembled products, services, resources and expert advice to help ensure that your business excels.Solutions are designed to meet your varying needs. The follo wing links will help you identify your individual needs. * Funded Services: Funded Services from Axis Bank are meant to directly bolster the day-to-day working of a small and a medium business enterprise. From working capital finance to credit substitutes; from export credit to construction equipment loan – we cater to virtually every business requirement of an SME. Click on the services below that best define your needs * Non-Funded Services: Under Non-Funded services Axis Bank offers solutions that act as a catalyst to propel your business.Imagine a situation where you have a letter of credit and need finance against the same or you have a tender and you need to equip yourself with a guarantee in order to go ahead. This is exactly where we can help you so that you don't face any roadblocks when it comes to your business. The following are the services that will precisely tell you what we can do Business Accounts, Letters of Credit, Collection of Documents, Axis Bank Trade, Guarantees, Cash Management Services, Money Market Desk, Derivatives Desk, Services to Cash Surplus Corporate, Services to Employee Trusts, Bankers to Rights/Public Issue, Tax Collection. Specialized Services: Axis Bank is one of the most trusted entities when it comes to specialized services like selling of precious metals to customers. Under specialized services you can also avail customized control of your value chain through our internet banking platform. * Value Added Services: There is a plethora of services that we offer under value added services. There's corporate salary account which ensures smooth payment methods to your staff. You can avail an assortment of credit cards and debit cards from our merchant services. The following are the highlights of this service:Real Time Gross Settlement, Reimbursement Account, Custody Services, Corporate Salary Accounts, Merchant Services, Axis Bank Gold Business Credit Card. * Internet Banking: Internet banking is a revolutionary servi ce under the banking sector and Axis Bank is a forerunner in providing you with this service. We provide state-of-the-art payment gateway services to industries and companies in order to ease transaction processing. This in turn enhances the credibility of your business and makes banking extremely cost-efficient. 3. 5. 3 GOVERNMENT SECTOR:Axis Bank acts as an active medium between the government and the customers by means of various services. These services include : * Tax Collection Where in customers can directly pay their taxes like Direct taxes, Indirect taxes and Sales Tax collections at their local Axis Bank * E-Ticketing Helps the customer by providing him a direct access to book a Railway Ticket online and get it home delivered * Opening of L/C's is done by the bank on behalf of Government of India, Mints and Presses, thus facilitating imports for the Government. * Collection of levies and taxes on behalf of Municipal Corporations i. . Kalyan -Dombivli Municipal Corporation, is undertaken by the Bank. * Collection of stamp duty is done via franking mode in the states of Maharashtra & Gujarat. The Stamp Duty Franking Facility is available at following branches in Maharashtra Fort, Chembur, Lower Parel, Mira Road, Thane (Talao Pali), Panvel, Ratnagiri, Pune (FC Road), Kolhapur, Nagpur, Pimpri. The Stamp Duty Franking Facility is available at following branches in Gujarat Ahmedabad (Navrangpura), Kutch (Mundra), Baroda (Gotri Road), Surat (Ring Road), Bhavnagar & Vapi (GIDC). Disbursement of Pension to retired Employees of Central Govt and Defence is directly done by Axis Bank along with the disbursement of pension to the members of EPFO (Employees Provident Fund Organization) * Electronic Collection of fees on behalf of DGFT is done by the bank too * Ministry of Corporate Affairs Collection of ROC fees for the Ministry through authorized Branches and Net Banking. * Collection of Property Tax through Selected Branches on behalf of Municipal Corporation of Delhi CHAPTER 4 DATA ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION 4. 1 Analysis of QuestionnaireThe study was conducted and primary data was collected through questionnaire method. For this purpose, 100 respondents of the TANDA city were approached of 100% in the branch has been shown below: Q1 Customer having accou